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Definition of First Order Language with Arbitrary Alphabet. Syntax of Terms, Atomic Formulas and their Subterms

Marco Caminati (2011)

Formalized Mathematics

Second of a series of articles laying down the bases for classical first order model theory. A language is defined basically as a tuple made of an integer-valued function (adicity), a symbol of equality and a symbol for the NOR logical connective. The only requests for this tuple to be a language is that the value of the adicity in = is -2 and that its preimage (i.e. the variables set) in 0 is infinite. Existential quantification will be rendered (see [11]) by mere prefixing a formula with a letter....

Definition of Flat Poset and Existence Theorems for Recursive Call

Kazuhisa Ishida, Yasunari Shidama, Adam Grabowski (2014)

Formalized Mathematics

This text includes the definition and basic notions of product of posets, chain-complete and flat posets, flattening operation, and the existence theorems of recursive call using the flattening operator. First part of the article, devoted to product and flat posets has a purely mathematical quality. Definition 3 allows to construct a flat poset from arbitrary non-empty set [12] in order to provide formal apparatus which eanbles to work with recursive calls within the Mizar langauge. To achieve this...

Definitions of finiteness based on order properties

Omar De la Cruz, Damir D. Dzhafarov, Eric J. Hall (2006)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

A definition of finiteness is a set-theoretical property of a set that, if the Axiom of Choice (AC) is assumed, is equivalent to stating that the set is finite; several such definitions have been studied over the years. In this article we introduce a framework for generating definitions of finiteness in a systematical way: basic definitions are obtained from properties of certain classes of binary relations, and further definitions are obtained from the basic ones by closing them under subsets...

Definizione dei clan binari e loro classificazione

Mario Servi (1998)

Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali. Rendiconti Lincei. Matematica e Applicazioni

L’albero binario (libero) è una struttura analoga a quella dei numeri naturali (standard), salvo che ci sono due operazioni di successivo. Nello studio degli alberi binari non standard, si ha bisogno di strutture ordinate che stiano a quella di albero binario libero come la struttura (ordinata) Z sta ad N. Si introducono perciò i clan binari e se ne studiano le classi di isomorfismo. Si dimostra che esse sono determinate dalle classi di similitudine delle successioni numerabili di 2 elementi, avendo...

Degradation in probability logic: When more information leads to less precise conclusions

Christian Wallmann, Gernot D. Kleiter (2014)

Kybernetika

Probability logic studies the properties resulting from the probabilistic interpretation of logical argument forms. Typical examples are probabilistic Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens. Argument forms with two premises usually lead from precise probabilities of the premises to imprecise or interval probabilities of the conclusion. In the contribution, we study generalized inference forms having three or more premises. Recently, Gilio has shown that these generalized forms “degrade” – more premises...

Denotational aspects of untyped normalization by evaluation

Andrzej Filinski, Henning Korsholm Rohde (2005)

RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications - Informatique Théorique et Applications

We show that the standard normalization-by-evaluation construction for the simply-typed λ β η -calculus has a natural counterpart for the untyped λ β -calculus, with the central type-indexed logical relation replaced by a “recursively defined” invariant relation, in the style of Pitts. In fact, the construction can be seen as generalizing a computational-adequacy argument for an untyped, call-by-name language to normalization instead of evaluation.In the untyped setting, not all terms have normal forms,...

Denotational aspects of untyped normalization by evaluation

Andrzej Filinski, Henning Korsholm Rohde (2010)

RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications

We show that the standard normalization-by-evaluation construction for the simply-typed λβη-calculus has a natural counterpart for the untyped λβ-calculus, with the central type-indexed logical relation replaced by a “recursively defined” invariant relation, in the style of Pitts. In fact, the construction can be seen as generalizing a computational-adequacy argument for an untyped, call-by-name language to normalization instead of evaluation.In the untyped setting, not all terms have normal...

Dense orderings, partitions and weak forms of choice

Carlos González (1995)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

We investigate the relative consistency and independence of statements which imply the existence of various kinds of dense orders, including dense linear orders. We study as well the relationship between these statements and others involving partition properties. Since we work in ZF (i.e. without the Axiom of Choice), we also analyze the role that some weaker forms of AC play in this context

Dense pairs of o-minimal structures

Lou van den Dries (1998)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

The structure of definable sets and maps in dense elementary pairs of o-minimal expansions of ordered abelian groups is described. It turns out that a certain notion of "small definable set" plays a special role in this description.

Densité et dimension

Patrick Assouad (1983)

Annales de l'institut Fourier

Une partie 𝒮 de 2 X est appelée une classe de Vapnik-Cervonenkis si la croissance de la fonction Δ 𝒮 : r → Sup { | A ∩ | | A ⊂ X , | A | = r } est polynomiale; ces classes se trouvent être utiles en Statistique et en Calcul des Probabilités (voir par exemple Vapnik, Cervonenkis [V.N. Vapnik, A.YA. Cervonenkis, Theor. Prob. Appl., 16 (1971), 264-280], Dudley [R.M. Dudley, Ann. of Prob., 6 (1978), 899-929]).Le présent travail est un essai de synthèse sur les classes de Vapnik-Cervonenkis. Mais il contient aussi beaucoup de résultats nouveaux,...

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