Let H be a Krull monoid with infinite class group and such that each divisor class of H contains a prime divisor. We show that for each finite set L of integers ≥2 there exists some h ∈ H such that the following are equivalent: (i) h has a representation for some irreducible elements , (ii) k ∈ L.
Equivariant tree models are statistical models used in the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from genetic data. Here equivariant§ refers to a symmetry group imposed on the root distribution and on the transition matrices in the model. We prove that if that symmetry group is Abelian, then the Zariski closures of these models are defined by polynomial equations of bounded degree, independent of the tree. Moreover, we show that there exists a polynomial-time membership test for that Zariski closure....