Automata, algebraicity and distribution of sequences of powers

Allouche, Jean-Paul, et al. "Automata, algebraicity and distribution of sequences of powers." Annales de l’institut Fourier 51.3 (2001): 687-705. <http://eudml.org/doc/115926>.

@article{Allouche2001,
abstract = {Let $K$ be a finite field of characteristic $p$. Let $K((x))$ be the field of formal Laurent series $f(x)$ in $x$ with coefficients in $K$. That is,\[ f(x)=\sum \_\{n = n\_0\}^\{\infty \}f\_nx^n \]with $n_0\in \{\bf Z\}$ and $f_n\in K (n=n_0,n_0+1,\cdots )$. We discuss the distribution of $(\lbrace f^m\rbrace )_\{m=0,1,2,\cdots \}$ for $f\in K((x))$, where\[ \lbrace f\rbrace :=\sum \_\{n=0\}^\{\infty \}f\_nx^n\in K[[x]] \]denotes the nonnegative part of $f\in K((x))$. This is a little different from the real number case where the fractional part that excludes constant term (digit of order 0) is considered. We give an alternative proof of a result by De Mathan obtaining the generic distribution for $f$ with $f_n\ne 0$ for some $n&lt;0$. This distribution is not the uniform measure on $K[[x]]$, but is equivalent to it. We have a different situation for $f\in K[[x]]$, where if $f_0\ne 0$ and $f\ne f_0$, then the distribution for $f$ is continuous but has a small support. We prove in this case, that the distribution for $f^\{-1\}$ is identical with the distribution for $f_0^\{-2\}f$. Christol, Kamae, Mendès France and Rauzy proved that the algebraicity of $f(x)\in K((x))$ over $K(x)$ is equivalent to the $p$-automaticity of the sequence $(f_n)$. This result was generalized to the multidimensional case by Salon. Hence, if the Laurent series $f(x)\in K((x))$ is algebraic over $K(x)$, then\[ F(x,y):=\sum \_\{m=0\}^\infty f(x)^my^m \]is $2$-dimensionally $p$-automatic, since it is algebraic over the field $K(x,y)$. We construct a finite automaton recognizing the sequence of coefficients of this double series $F(x,y)$ to discuss the distribution of $(\lbrace f^m\rbrace )_\{m\ge 0\}$. Thus, we generalize results by Houndonougbo and Deshouillers, and strengthen results by Allouche and Deshouillers.},
affiliation = {CNRS, LRI, Bâtiment 490, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France); Université de Bordeaux I, Laboratoire de Mathématiques, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex (France); Osaka City University, Department of Mathematics, Osaka 558-8585 (Japon); Osaka City University, Department of Mathematics, Osaka 558-8585 (Japon)},
author = {Allouche, Jean-Paul, Deshouillers, Jean-Marc, Kamae, Teturo, Koyanagi, Tadahiro},
journal = {Annales de l’institut Fourier},
keywords = {distribution of powers; algebraic formal Laurent series; automatic sequences},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
pages = {687-705},
publisher = {Association des Annales de l'Institut Fourier},
title = {Automata, algebraicity and distribution of sequences of powers},
url = {http://eudml.org/doc/115926},
volume = {51},
year = {2001},
}

TY - JOUR
AU - Allouche, Jean-Paul
AU - Deshouillers, Jean-Marc
AU - Kamae, Teturo
AU - Koyanagi, Tadahiro
TI - Automata, algebraicity and distribution of sequences of powers
JO - Annales de l’institut Fourier
PY - 2001
PB - Association des Annales de l'Institut Fourier
VL - 51
IS - 3
SP - 687
EP - 705
AB - Let $K$ be a finite field of characteristic $p$. Let $K((x))$ be the field of formal Laurent series $f(x)$ in $x$ with coefficients in $K$. That is,\[ f(x)=\sum _{n = n_0}^{\infty }f_nx^n \]with $n_0\in {\bf Z}$ and $f_n\in K (n=n_0,n_0+1,\cdots )$. We discuss the distribution of $(\lbrace f^m\rbrace )_{m=0,1,2,\cdots }$ for $f\in K((x))$, where\[ \lbrace f\rbrace :=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }f_nx^n\in K[[x]] \]denotes the nonnegative part of $f\in K((x))$. This is a little different from the real number case where the fractional part that excludes constant term (digit of order 0) is considered. We give an alternative proof of a result by De Mathan obtaining the generic distribution for $f$ with $f_n\ne 0$ for some $n&lt;0$. This distribution is not the uniform measure on $K[[x]]$, but is equivalent to it. We have a different situation for $f\in K[[x]]$, where if $f_0\ne 0$ and $f\ne f_0$, then the distribution for $f$ is continuous but has a small support. We prove in this case, that the distribution for $f^{-1}$ is identical with the distribution for $f_0^{-2}f$. Christol, Kamae, Mendès France and Rauzy proved that the algebraicity of $f(x)\in K((x))$ over $K(x)$ is equivalent to the $p$-automaticity of the sequence $(f_n)$. This result was generalized to the multidimensional case by Salon. Hence, if the Laurent series $f(x)\in K((x))$ is algebraic over $K(x)$, then\[ F(x,y):=\sum _{m=0}^\infty f(x)^my^m \]is $2$-dimensionally $p$-automatic, since it is algebraic over the field $K(x,y)$. We construct a finite automaton recognizing the sequence of coefficients of this double series $F(x,y)$ to discuss the distribution of $(\lbrace f^m\rbrace )_{m\ge 0}$. Thus, we generalize results by Houndonougbo and Deshouillers, and strengthen results by Allouche and Deshouillers.
LA - eng
KW - distribution of powers; algebraic formal Laurent series; automatic sequences
UR - http://eudml.org/doc/115926
ER -