We study the microlocal analyticity of solutions $u$ of the nonlinear equation $$u_t=f(x,t,u,u_x)$$ where $f(x,t,{\zeta }_0,\zeta )$ is complex-valued, real analytic in all its arguments and holomorphic in $({\zeta }_0,\zeta )$. We show that if the function $u$ is a $C^2$ solution, $\sigma \in \text{Char}{L}^u$ and $\frac{1}{i}\sigma \left([L^u,\overline{L^u}]\right)\<0$ or if $u$ is a $C^3$ solution, $\sigma \in \text{Char}{L}^u$, $\sigma \left([L^u,\overline{L^u}]\right)=0$, and $\sigma \left([L^u,[L^u,\overline{L^u}]]\right)\ne 0$, then $\sigma \notin W{F}_{a}u$. Here $W{F}_{a}u$ denotes the analytic wave-front set of $u$ and Char$L^u$ is the characteristic set of the linearized operator. When $m=1$, we prove a more general result involving the repeated brackets of $L^u$ and $\overline{L^u}$ of any...

Let $p\ge 3$ be a prime. Let $n\in \mathbb{N}$ such that $n\ge 1$, let ${\chi }_1,...,{\chi }_n$ be characters of conductor $d$ not divided by $p$ and let $\omega$ be the Teichmüller character. For all $i$ between $1$ and $n$, for all $j$ between $0$ and $(p-3)/2$, set $${\theta }_{i,j}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{\chi }_i{\omega }^{2j+1}\hfill & \text{if}{\chi }_i\mathrm{is}\mathrm{odd};\hfill \\ {\chi }_i{\omega }^{2j}\hfill & \text{if}{\chi }_i\mathrm{is}\mathrm{even}.\hfill \end{array}\right.$$ Let $K={\mathbb{Q}}_p({\chi }_1,...,{\chi }_n)$ and let $\pi$ be a prime of the valuation ring ${𝒪}_K$ of $K$. For all $i,j$ let $f(T,{\theta }_{i,j})$ be the Iwasawa series associated to ${\theta }_{i,j}$ and $\overline{f(T,{\theta }_{i,j})}$ its reduction modulo $\left(\pi \right)$. Finally let $\overline{{𝔽}_p}$ be an algebraic closure of ${𝔽}_p$. Our main result is that if the characters ${\chi }_i$ are all distinct modulo $\left(\pi \right)$, then $1$ and the series...

Let $M^n$ be a germ at $0\in {ℂ}^m$ of an irreducible analytic set of dimension $n$, where $n\ge 2$ and $0$ is a singular point of $M$. We study the question: when does there exist a germ of holomorphic map $\phi :({ℂ}^n,0)\to (M,0)$ such that ${\phi }^{-1}\left(0\right)=\left\{0\right\}$ ? We prove essentialy three results. In Theorem 1 we consider the case where $M$ is a quasi-homogeneous complete intersection of $k$ polynomials $F=(F_1,...,F_k)$, that is there exists a linear holomorphic vector field $X$ on ${ℂ}^m$, with eigenvalues ${\lambda }_1,...,{\lambda }_m\in {\mathbb{Q}}_{+}$ such that $X\left(F^T\right)=U·F^T$, where $U$ is a $k\times k$ matrix with entries in ${𝒪}_m$. We prove that if...

We show that the number of derivatives of a non negative 2-order symbol needed to establish the classical Fefferman-Phong inequality is bounded by $\frac{n}{2}+4+ϵ$ improving thus the bound $2n+4+ϵ$ obtained recently by N. Lerner and Y. Morimoto. In the case of symbols of type $S_{0,0}^0$, we show that this number is bounded by $n+4+ϵ$; more precisely, for a non negative symbol $a$, the Fefferman-Phong inequality holds if ${\partial }_x^{\alpha }{\partial }_{\xi }^{\beta }a(x,\xi )$ are bounded for, roughly, $4\le \left|\alpha \right|+\left|\beta \right|\le n+4+ϵ$. To obtain such results and others, we first prove an abstract result which...

Let $\beta \>1$ be an algebraic number. We study the strings of zeros (“gaps”) in the Rényi $\beta$-expansion  $d_{\beta }\left(1\right)$ of unity which controls the set ${\mathbb{Z}}_{\beta }$ of $\beta$-integers. Using a version of Liouville’s inequality which extends Mahler’s and Güting’s approximation theorems, the strings of zeros in $d_{\beta }\left(1\right)$ are shown to exhibit a “gappiness” asymptotically bounded above by  $log\left(\mathrm{M}\right(\beta \left)\right)/log\left(\beta \right)$, where  $\mathrm{M}\left(\beta \right)$  is the Mahler measure of  $\beta$. The proof of this result provides in a natural way a new classification of algebraic numbers $\>1$ with classes...