Let $K={𝔽}_q\left(T\right)$ be the rational function field over a finite field of $q$ elements. For any polynomial $f\left(T\right)\in {𝔽}_q\left[T\right]$ with positive degree, denote by ${\Lambda }_f$ the torsion points of the Carlitz module for the polynomial ring ${𝔽}_q\left[T\right]$. In this short paper, we will determine an explicit formula for the analytic class number for the unique subfield $M$ of the cyclotomic function field $K\left({\Lambda }_P\right)$ of degree $k$ over ${𝔽}_q\left(T\right)$, where $P\in {𝔽}_q\left[T\right]$ is an irreducible polynomial of positive degree and $k>1$ is a positive divisor of $q-1$. A formula for the analytic class...

We present some results concerning the unirationality of the algebraic variety ${}_f$ given by the equation $N_{K/k}(X₁+\alpha X₂+\alpha ²X₃)=f\left(t\right)$, where k is a number field, K=k(α), α is a root of an irreducible polynomial h(x) = x³ + ax + b ∈ k[x] and f ∈ k[t]. We are mainly interested in the case of pure cubic extensions, i.e. a = 0 and b ∈ k∖k³. We prove that if deg f = 4 and ${}_f$ contains a k-rational point (x₀,y₀,z₀,t₀) with f(t₀)≠0, then ${}_f$ is k-unirational. A similar result is proved for a broad family of quintic polynomials...

Let k ∈ ℤ be such that ${|}_k\left(\mathbb{Q}\right)|=3$, where ${}_k:y²=1-2kx+k²x²-4x³$. We determine all solutions to xyz = 1 and x + y + z = k in integers of number fields of degree at most four over ℚ.

By an elementary approach, we derive the value of the Gauss sum of a cubic character over a finite field ${}_{2^s}$ without using Davenport-Hasse’s theorem (namely, if s is odd the Gauss sum is -1, and if s is even its value is $-{(-2)}^{s/2}$).

We show that a cubic algebraic integer over a number field $K,$ with zero trace is a difference of two conjugates over $K$ of an algebraic integer. We also prove that if $N$ is a normal cubic extension of the field of rational numbers, then every integer of $N$ with zero trace is a difference of two conjugates of an integer of $N$ if and only if the $3-$adic valuation of the discriminant of $N$ is not $4.$

The surjectivity of the operator $D_2+i{x}_2^{2k}{D}_1$ from the Gevrey space ${\mathcal{E}}^{\left\{s\right\}}\left({\mathbb{R}}^2\right)$, $s\ge 1$, onto itself and its non-surjectivity from ${\mathcal{E}}^{\left\{s\right\}}\left({\mathbb{R}}^3\right)$ to ${\mathcal{E}}^{\left\{s\right\}}\left({\mathbb{R}}^3\right)$ is proved.

Let $f$ be a continuous function on $I$ and $A$, $B\in {\mathrm{𝒮𝒜}}_I\left(H\right)$, the convex set of selfadjoint operators with spectra in $I$. If $A\ne B$ and $f$, as an operator function, is Gateaux differentiable on $$[A,B]:=\left\{(1-t)A+tB\mid t\in \left[0,1\right]\right\},$$ while $p:\left[0,1\right]\to ℝ$ is Lebesgue integrable, then we have the inequalities $$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill \parallel {\int }_0^{1}p\left(\tau \right)& f\left(\left(1-\tau \right)A+\tau B\right)d\tau -{\int }_0^{1}p\left(\tau \right)d\tau {\int }_0^{1}f\left(\left(1-\tau \right)A+\tau B\right)d\tau \parallel \hfill \\ & \le {\int }_0^1\tau (1-\tau )|\frac{{\int }_{\tau }^{1}p\left(s\right)ds}{1-\tau }-\frac{{\int }_0^{\tau }p\left(s\right)ds}{\tau }|∥\nabla f_{\left(1-\tau \right)A+\tau B}\left(B-A\right)∥d\tau \hfill \\ & \le \frac{1}{4}{\int }_0^1|\frac{{\int }_{\tau }^{1}p\left(s\right)ds}{1-\tau }-\frac{{\int }_0^{\tau }p\left(s\right)ds}{\tau }|∥\nabla f_{\left(1-\tau \right)A+\tau B}\left(B-A\right)∥d\tau ,\hfill \end{array}$$ where $\nabla f$ is the Gateaux derivative of $f$.

The scope of this note is a self-contained presentation of a mathematical method that enables us to give an absolute upper bound for the difference of the Gini coefficients $$\left|G({\sigma }_1,\cdots ,{\sigma }_n)-G({\gamma }_1,\cdots ,{\gamma }_n)\right|,$$ where $({\gamma }_1,\cdots ,{\gamma }_n)$ represents the vector of the gross wages and $({\sigma }_1,\cdots ,{\sigma }_n)$ represents the vector of the corresponding super-gross wages that is used in the Czech Republic for calculating the net wage. Since (as of June 2019) ${\sigma }_i=100·⌈1.34{\gamma }_i/100⌉$, the study of the above difference seems to be somewhat inaccessible for many economists. However, our estimate...