This is a contribution to the theory of topological vector spaces within the framework of the alternative set theory. Using indiscernibles we will show that every infinite set $uS\subseteq G$ in a biequivalence vector space $\langle W,M,G\rangle$, such that $x-y\notin M$ for distinct $x,y\in u$, contains an infinite independent subset. Consequently, a class $X\subseteq G$ is dimensionally compact iff the $\pi$-equivalence ${\doteq }_M$ is compact on $X$. This solves a problem from the paper [NPZ 1992] by J. Náter, P. Pulmann and the second author.

We study the semilinear problem with the boundary reaction $$-\Delta u+u=0\text{in}\Omega ,\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu }=\lambda f\left(u\right)\text{on}\partial \Omega ,$$ where $\Omega \subset {ℝ}^N$, $N\ge 2$, is a smooth bounded domain, $f:[0,\infty )\to (0,\infty )$ is a smooth, strictly positive, convex, increasing function which is superlinear at $\infty$, and $\lambda >0$ is a parameter. It is known that there exists an extremal parameter ${\lambda }^{*}>0$ such that a classical minimal solution exists for $\lambda <{\lambda }^{*}$, and there is no solution for $\lambda >{\lambda }^{*}$. Moreover, there is a unique weak solution $u^{*}$ corresponding to the parameter $\lambda ={\lambda }^{*}$. In this paper, we continue to study the spectral properties...

Given a free ultrafilter $p$ on $\mathbb{N}$ and a space $X$, we say that $x\in X$ is the $p$-limit point of a sequence ${\left(x_n\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ in $X$ (in symbols, $x=p$-${lim}_{n\to \infty }{x}_n$) if for every neighborhood $V$ of $x$, $\{n\in \mathbb{N}:x_n\in V\}\in p$. By using $p$-limit points from a suitable metric space, we characterize the selective ultrafilters on $\mathbb{N}$ and the $P$-points of ${\mathbb{N}}^{*}=\beta \left(\mathbb{N}\right)\setminus \mathbb{N}$. In this paper, we only consider dynamical systems $(X,f)$, where $X$ is a compact metric space. For a free ultrafilter $p$ on ${\mathbb{N}}^{*}$, the function $f^p:X\to X$ is defined by $f^p\left(x\right)=p$-${lim}_{n\to \infty }{f}^n\left(x\right)$ for each $x\in X$. These functions are not continuous in general....

Let $F_n$ be the empirical distribution function (df) pertaining to independent random variables with continuous df $F$. We investigate the minimizing point ${\widehat{\tau }}_n$ of the empirical process $F_n-F_0$, where $F_0$ is another df which differs from $F$. If $F$ and $F_0$ are locally Hölder-continuous of order $\alpha$ at a point $\tau$ our main result states that $n^{1/\alpha }({\widehat{\tau }}_n-\tau )$ converges in distribution. The limit variable is the almost sure unique minimizing point of a two-sided time-transformed homogeneous Poisson-process with a drift. The time-transformation...