A cardinal function $\varphi$ (or a property $𝒫$) is called $l$-invariant if for any Tychonoff spaces $X$ and $Y$ with $C_p\left(X\right)$ and $C_p\left(Y\right)$ linearly homeomorphic we have $\varphi \left(X\right)=\varphi \left(Y\right)$ (or the space $X$ has $𝒫$ ($\equiv X⊢𝒫$) iff $Y⊢𝒫$). We prove that the hereditary Lindelöf number is $l$-invariant as well as that there are models of $ZFC$ in which hereditary separability is $l$-invariant.

We consider a sequence of multi-bubble solutions $u_k$ of the following fourth order equation $${\Delta }^2{u}_k={\rho }_k\frac{h\left(x\right)e^{u_k}}{{\int }_{\Omega }h{e}^{u_k}}\text{in}\Omega ,u_k=\Delta u_k=0\text{on}\partial \Omega ,(*)$$ where $h$ is a $C^{2,\beta }$ positive function, $\Omega$ is a bounded and smooth domain in ${ℝ}^4$, and ${\rho }_k$ is a constant such that ${\rho }_k\le C$. We show that (after extracting a subsequence), ${lim}_{k\to +\infty }{\rho }_k=32{\sigma }_{3}m$ for some positive integer $m\ge 1$, where ${\sigma }_3$ is the area of the unit sphere in ${ℝ}^4$. Furthermore, we obtain the following sharp estimates for ${\rho }_k$: $$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill {\rho }_k-32{\sigma }_{3}m& =c_0\sum _{j=1}^m{ϵ}_{k,j}^2\left(\sum _{l\ne j}\Delta G_4(p_j,p_l)+\Delta R_4(p_j,p_j)+\frac{1}{32{\sigma }_3}\Delta logh\left(p_j\right)\right)\hfill \\ & +o\left(\sum _{j=1}^m{ϵ}_{k,j}^2\right)\hfill \end{array}$$ where $c_0\>0$, $log\frac{64}{{ϵ}_{k,j}^4}=\underset{x\in B_{\delta }\left(p_j\right)}{max}{u}_k\left(x\right)-log\left(\underset{\Omega }{\int }h{e}^{u_k}\right)$ and $u_k\to 32{\sigma }_3\sum _{j=1}^m{G}_4(·,p_j)$ in $C_{\mathrm{loc}}^4(\Omega \setminus \{p_1,...,p_m\})$. This yields a bound of solutions as...

Let $𝒟$ denote a true dimension function, i.e., a dimension function such that $𝒟\left({ℝ}^n\right)=n$ for all $n$. For a space $X$, we denote the hyperspace consisting of all compact connected, non-empty subsets by $C\left(X\right)$. If $X$ is a countable infinite product of non-degenerate Peano continua, then the sequence ${\left({𝒟}_{\ge n}\left(C\left(X\right)\right)\right)}_{n=2}^{\infty }$ is $F_{\sigma }$-absorbing in $C\left(X\right)$. As a consequence, there is a homeomorphism $h:C\left(X\right)\to Q^{\infty }$ such that for all $n$, $h\left[\{A\in C\left(X\right):𝒟\left(A\right)\ge n+1\}\right]=B^n\times Q\times Q\times \cdots$, where $B$ denotes the pseudo boundary of the Hilbert cube $Q$. It follows that if $X$ is a countable infinite product of non-degenerate...