The asymptotic behaviour of ε-entropy of classes of Lipschitz functions in $L^p{(}^d)$ is obtained. Moreover, the asymptotics of ε-entropy of classes of Lipschitz functions in $L^p\left({ℝ}^d\right)$ whose tail function decreases as $O\left({\lambda }^{-\gamma }\right)$ is obtained. In case p = 1 the relation between the ε-entropy of a given class of probability densities on ${ℝ}^d$ and the minimax risk for that class is discussed.

How low can the joint entropy of $n$ $d$-wise independent (for $d\ge 2$) discrete random variables be, subject to given constraints on the individual distributions (say, no value may be taken by a variable with probability greater than $p$, for $p<1$)? This question has been posed and partially answered in a recent work of Babai [Entropy versus pairwise independence (preliminary version), http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/ laci/papers/13augEntropy.pdf, 2013]. In this paper we improve some...

The properties of topological dynamical systems $(X,T)$ which are disjoint from all minimal systems of zero entropy, ${ℳ}_0$, are investigated. Unlike the measurable case, it is known that topological $K$-systems make up a proper subset of the systems which are disjoint from ${ℳ}_0$. We show that $(X,T)$ has an invariant measure with full support, and if in addition $(X,T)$ is transitive, then $(X,T)$ is weakly mixing. A transitive diagonal system with only one minimal point is constructed. As a consequence, there exists...

We prove the existence of entropy solutions to unilateral problems associated to equations of the type $Au-div\left(\varphi \left(u\right)\right)=\mu \in L¹\left(\Omega \right)+W^{-1,p^{\text{'}}\left(·\right)}\left(\Omega \right)$, where A is a Leray-Lions operator acting from $W{₀}^{1,p\left(·\right)}\left(\Omega \right)$ into its dual $W^{-1,p\left(·\right)}\left(\Omega \right)$ and $\varphi \in C⁰(ℝ,{ℝ}^N)$.

For a precompact subset K of a Hilbert space we prove the following inequalities: $n^{1/2}cₙ\left(cov\left(K\right)\right)\le c_K(1+{\sum }_{k=1}^{ⁿ}{k}^{-1/2}{e}_k\left(K\right))$, n ∈ ℕ, and $k^{1/2}{c}_{k+n}\left(cov\left(K\right)\right)\le c[lo{g}^{1/2}(n+1)\epsilon ₙ\left(K\right)+{\sum }_{j=n+1}^{\infty }{\epsilon }_j\left(K\right)/\left(jlo{g}^{1/2}(j+1)\right)]$, k,n ∈ ℕ, where cₙ(cov(K)) is the nth Gelfand number of the absolutely convex hull of K and ${\epsilon }_k\left(K\right)$ and $e_k\left(K\right)$ denote the kth entropy and kth dyadic entropy number of K, respectively. The inequalities are, essentially, a reformulation of the corresponding inequalities given in [CKP] which yield asymptotically optimal estimates of the Gelfand numbers cₙ(cov(K)) provided that the entropy numbers εₙ(K)...

AbstractIn [18] and [19] we have studied compact embeddings of weighted function spaces on ℝⁿ, $id:H_q^s(w\left(x\right),ℝⁿ)\to Lₚ\left(ℝⁿ\right)$, s>0, 1 < q ≤ p< ∞, s-n/q+n/p > 0, with, for example, $w\left(x\right)=⟨x{⟩}^{\alpha }$, α > 0, or $w\left(x\right)=lo{g}^{\beta }⟨x⟩$, β > 0, and $⟨x⟩={(2+|x\left|²\right)}^{1/2}$. We have determined the behaviour of their entropy numbers eₖ(id). Now we are interested in the limiting case 1/q = 1/p + s/n. Let $w\left(x\right)=lo{g}^{\beta }⟨x⟩$, β > 0. Our results in [18] imply that id cannot be compact for any β > 0, but after replacing the target space Lₚ(ℝⁿ) by a “slightly” larger one, $Lₚ{\left(logL\right)}_{-a}\left(ℝⁿ\right)$, a...

In the following text for a discrete finite nonempty set $K$ and a self-map $\varphi :X\to X$ we investigate interaction between different entropies of generalized shift ${\sigma }_{\varphi }:K^X\to K^X$, ${\left(x_{\alpha }\right)}_{\alpha \in X}\mapsto {\left(x_{\varphi \left(\alpha \right)}\right)}_{\alpha \in X}$ and cellularities of some Alexandroff topologies on $X$.

We show that for any cellular automaton (CA) ℤ²-action Φ on the space of all doubly infinite sequences with values in a finite set A, determined by an automaton rule $F=F_{[l,r]}$, l,r ∈ ℤ, l ≤ r, and any Φ-invariant Borel probability measure, the directional entropy $h_{v⃗}\left(\Phi \right)$, v⃗= (x,y) ∈ ℝ², is bounded above by $max\left(\right|z_l|,|z_r\left|\right)logA$ if $z_l{z}_r\ge 0$ and by $|z_r-z_l|$ in the opposite case, where $z_l=x+ly$, $z_r=x+ry$. We also show that in the class of permutative CA-actions the bounds are attained if the measure considered is uniform Bernoulli.

Let $\beta >1$ be a non-integer. We consider $\beta$-expansions of the form ${\sum }_{i=1}^{\infty }{d}_i/{\beta }^i$, where the digits ${\left(d_i\right)}_{i\ge 1}$ are generated by means of a Borel map $K_{\beta }$ defined on ${\{0,1\}}^{\mathbb{N}}\times [0,\lfloor \beta \rfloor /\left(\beta -1\right)]$. We show that $K_{\beta }$ has a unique mixing measure ${\nu }_{\beta }$ of maximal entropy with marginal measure an infinite convolution of Bernoulli measures. Furthermore, under the measure ${\nu }_{\beta }$ the digits ${\left(d_i\right)}_{i\ge 1}$ form a uniform Bernoulli process. In case 1 has a finite greedy expansion with positive coefficients, the measure of maximal entropy is Markov. We also discuss the uniqueness...

Let $f$ be a dominant rational map of ${\mathbb{P}}^k$ such that there exists $s\&lt;k$ with ${\lambda }_s\left(f\right)\&gt;{\lambda }_l\left(f\right)$ for all $l$. Under mild hypotheses, we show that, for $A$ outside a pluripolar set of $\mathrm{Aut}\left({\mathbb{P}}^k\right)$, the map $f\circ A$ admits a hyperbolic measure of maximal entropy $log{\lambda }_s\left(f\right)$ with explicit bounds on the Lyapunov exponents. In particular, the result is true for polynomial maps hence for the homogeneous extension of $f$ to ${\mathbb{P}}^{k+1}$. This provides many examples where non uniform hyperbolic dynamics is established. One of the key tools is to approximate...

The present paper is devoted to the study of the “quality” of the compactness of the trace operator. More precisely, we characterize the asymptotic behaviour of entropy numbers of the compact map $t{r}_{\Gamma }:B_{p₁,q}^s(ℝⁿ,w_{\varkappa }^{\Gamma })\to L_{p₂}\left(\Gamma \right)$, where Γ is a d-set with 0 < d < n and $w_{\varkappa }^{\Gamma }$ a weight of type $w_{\varkappa }^{\Gamma }\left(x\right)dist{(x,\Gamma )}^{\varkappa }$ near Γ with ϰ > -(n-d). There are parallel results for approximation numbers.

The semi-group associated with the Cauchy problem for a scalar conservation law is known to be a contraction in $L^1$. However it is not a contraction in $L^p$ for any $p\&gt;1$. Leger showed in [] that for a convex flux, it is however a contraction in $L^2$ up to a suitable shift. We investigate in this paper whether such a contraction may happen for systems. The method is based on the relative entropy method. Our general analysis leads us to the new geometrical notion of systems. We treat in details...

Let f: [a,b] → [a,b] be a continuous function of the compact real interval such that (i) $card{f}^{-1}\left(y\right)\ge 2$ for every y ∈ [a,b]; (ii) for some m ∈ ∞,2,3,... there is a countable set L ⊂ [a,b] such that $card{f}^{-1}\left(y\right)\ge m$ for every y ∈ [a,b]∖L. We show that the topological entropy of f is greater than or equal to log m. This generalizes our previous result for m = 2.

Blanched-Sadri and Woodhouse in 2013 have proven the conjecture of Cassaigne, stating that any pattern with $m$ distinct variables and of length at least $2^m$ is avoidable over a ternary alphabet and if the length is at least $3·2^{m-1}$ it is avoidable over a binary alphabet. They conjectured that similar theorems are true for partial words – sequences, in which some characters are left “blank”. Using method of entropy compression, we obtain the partial words version of the theorem for ternary words. ...

We consider two characteristic exponents of a rational function f:ℂ̂ → ℂ̂ of degree d ≥ 2. The exponent ${\chi }_a\left(f\right)$ is the average of log∥f’∥ with respect to the measure of maximal entropy. The exponent ${\chi }_m\left(f\right)$ can be defined as the maximal characteristic exponent over all periodic orbits of f. We prove that ${\chi }_a\left(f\right)={\chi }_m\left(f\right)$ if and only if f(z) is conformally conjugate to $z\mapsto z^{\pm d}$.

Let $P$ be a discrete multidimensional probability distribution over a finite set of variables $N$ which is only partially specified by the requirement that it has prescribed given marginals $\{P_A;A\in 𝒮\}$, where $𝒮$ is a class of subsets of $N$ with $\bigcup 𝒮=N$. The paper deals with the problem of approximating $P$ on the basis of those given marginals. The divergence of an approximation $\widehat{P}$ from $P$ is measured by the relative entropy $H\left(P\right|\widehat{P})$. Two methods for approximating $P$ are compared. One of them uses formerly introduced...

In this paper we investigate numerous constructions of minimal systems from the point of view of $({ℱ}_1,{ℱ}_2)$-chaos (but most of our results concern the particular cases of distributional chaos of type $1$ and $2$). We consider standard classes of systems, such as Toeplitz flows, Grillenberger $K$-systems or Blanchard-Kwiatkowski extensions of the Chacón flow, proving that all of them are DC2. An example of DC1 minimal system with positive topological entropy is also introduced. The above mentioned results...

Let $\beta >1$ be a non-integer. We consider expansions of the form ${\sum }_{i=1}^{\infty }{d}_i/{\beta }^i$, where the digits ${\left(d_i\right)}_{i\ge 1}$ are generated by means of a Borel map $K_{\beta }$ defined on ${\{0,1\}}^{\mathbb{N}}\times [0,\lfloor \beta \rfloor \left(\beta -1\right)]$. We show existence and uniqueness of a $K_{\beta }$-invariant probability measure, absolutely continuous with respect to $m_p\otimes \lambda$, where $m_p$ is the Bernoulli measure on ${\{0,1\}}^{\mathbb{N}}$ with parameter $p$ ($0<p<1$) and $\lambda$ is the normalized Lebesgue measure on $[0,\lfloor \beta \rfloor (\beta -1\left)\right]$. Furthermore, this measure is of the form $m_p\otimes {\mu }_{\beta ,p}$, where ${\mu }_{\beta ,p}$ is equivalent to $\lambda$. We prove that the measure of maximal entropy and $m_p\otimes \lambda$ are mutually...

We consider the classical three-dimensional motion in a potential which is the sum of $n$ attracting or repelling Coulombic potentials. Assuming a non-collinear configuration of the $n$ centres, we find a universal behaviour for all energies $E$ above a positive threshold. Whereas for $n=1$ there are no bounded orbits, and for $n=2$ there is just one closed orbit, for $n\ge 3$ the bounded orbits form a Cantor set. We analyze the symbolic dynamics and estimate Hausdorff dimension and topological entropy of...

Let d > 0 and θ ∈ (0,1]. We consider homogeneous type spaces, ${(X,\varrho ,\mu )}_{d,\theta }$, which are variants of the well known homogeneous type spaces in the sense of Coifman and Weiss. We introduce fractional integrals and derivatives, and prove that the Besov spaces $B_{pq}^s\left(X\right)$ and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces $F_{pq}^s\left(X\right)$ have the lifting properties for |s| < θ. Moreover, we give explicit representations for the inverses of these fractional integrals and derivatives. By using these representations, we prove that the fractional...

Given a locally finite open covering of a normal space X and a Hausdorff topological vector space E, we characterize all continuous functions f: X → E which admit a representation $f={\sum }_{C\in }{a}_C{\phi }_C$ with $a_C\in E$ and a partition of unity ${\phi }_C:C\in$ subordinate to . As an application, we determine the class of all functions f ∈ C(||) on the underlying space || of a Euclidean complex such that, for each polytope P ∈ , the restriction ${f|}_P$ attains its extrema at vertices of P. Finally, a class of extremal functions on the...