Reidemeister conjugacy for finitely generated free fundamental groups

Evelyn L. Hart

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Displaying similar documents to “Reidemeister conjugacy for finitely generated free fundamental groups”

Kneading sequences for double standard maps

Michael Benedicks, Ana Rodrigues (2009)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We investigate the symbolic dynamics for the double standard maps of the circle onto itself, given by $f_{a, b} (x) = 2 x + a + (b / π) s i n (2 π x) (m o d 1)$ , where b = 1 and a is a real parameter, 0 ≤ a < 1.

Minimal component numbers of fixed point sets

Xuezhi Zhao (2003)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let f: (X,A) → (X,A) be a relative map of a pair of compact polyhedra. We introduce a new relative homotopy invariant $N^{C} (f; X, A)$ , which is a lower bound for the component numbers of fixed point sets of the self-maps in the relative homotopy class of f. Some properties of $N^{C} (f; X, A)$ are given, which are very similar to those of the relative Nielsen number N(f;X,A).

Parapuzzle of the multibrot set and typical dynamics of unimodal maps

Artur Avila, Mikhail Lyubich, Weixiao Shen (2011)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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We study the parameter space of unicritical polynomials $f_{c} : z \mapsto z^{d} + c$ . For complex parameters, we prove that for Lebesgue almost every $c$ , the map $f_{c}$ is either hyperbolic or infinitely renormalizable. For real parameters, we prove that for Lebesgue almost every $c$ , the map $f_{c}$ is either hyperbolic, or Collet–Eckmann, or infinitely renormalizable. These results are based on controlling the spacing between consecutive elements in the “principal nest” of parapuzzle pieces.

Maps into the torus and minimal coincidence sets for homotopies

D. L. Goncalves, M. R. Kelly (2002)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let X,Y be manifolds of the same dimension. Given continuous mappings $f_{i}, g_{i} : X \to Y$ , i = 0,1, we consider the 1-parameter coincidence problem of finding homotopies $f_{t}, g_{t}$ , 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, such that the number of coincidence points for the pair $f_{t}, g_{t}$ is independent of t. When Y is the torus and f₀,g₀ are coincidence free we produce coincidence free pairs f₁,g₁ such that no homotopy joining them is coincidence free at each level. When X is also the torus we characterize the solution of the problem in terms of the...

On Surjective Bing Maps

Hisao Kato, Eiichi Matsuhashi (2004)

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Mathematics

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In [7], M. Levin proved that the set of all Bing maps of a compact metric space to the unit interval is a dense $G_{δ}$ -subset of the space of all maps. In [6], J. Krasinkiewicz independently proved that the set of all Bing maps of a compact metric space to an n-dimensional manifold (n ≥ 1) is a dense $G_{δ}$ -subset of the space of maps. In [9], J. Song and E. D. Tymchatyn, solving some problems of J. Krasinkiewicz ([6]), proved that the set of all Bing maps of a compact metric space to a nondegenerate...

$α$ -continuous multivalued maps

J. Eweret (1989)

Matematički Vesnik

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The geometry of dented pentagram maps

Boris Khesin, Fedor Soloviev (2016)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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We propose a new family of natural generalizations of the pentagram map from 2D to higher dimensions and prove their integrability on generic twisted and closed polygons. In dimension $d$ there are $d - 1$ such generalizations called dented pentagram maps, and we describe their geometry, continuous limit, and Lax representations with a spectral parameter. We prove algebraic-geometric integrability of the dented pentagram maps in the 3D case and compare the dimensions of invariant tori for the...

Anosov theorem for coincidences on nilmanifolds

Seung Won Kim, Jong Bum Lee (2005)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Suppose that L, L’ are simply connected nilpotent Lie groups such that the groups $γ_{i} (L)$ and $γ_{i} (L^{'})$ in their lower central series have the same dimension. We show that the Nielsen and Lefschetz coincidence numbers of maps f,g: Γ∖L → Γ’∖L’ between nilmanifolds Γ∖L and Γ’∖L’ can be computed algebraically as follows: L(f,g) = det(G⁎ - F⁎), N(f,g) = |L(f,g)|, where F⁎, G⁎ are the matrices, with respect to any preferred bases on the uniform lattices Γ and Γ’, of the homomorphisms between the Lie algebras...

More on tie-points and homeomorphism in ℕ*

Alan Dow, Saharon Shelah (2009)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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A point x is a (bow) tie-point of a space X if X∖x can be partitioned into (relatively) clopen sets each with x in its closure. We denote this as $X = A ⋈_{x} B$ where A, B are the closed sets which have a unique common accumulation point x. Tie-points have appeared in the construction of non-trivial autohomeomorphisms of βℕ = ℕ* (by Veličković and Shelah Steprans) and in the recent study (by Levy and Dow Techanie) of precisely 2-to-1 maps on ℕ*. In these cases the tie-points have been the unique...

Some remarks providing discontinuous maps on some $C_{p} (X)$ spaces

S. Moll (2008)

Banach Center Publications

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Let X be a completely regular Hausdorff topological space and $C_{p} (X)$ the space of continuous real-valued maps on X endowed with the pointwise topology. A simple and natural argument is presented to show how to construct on the space $C_{p} (X)$ , if X contains a homeomorphic copy of the closed interval [0,1], real-valued maps which are everywhere discontinuous but continuous on all compact subsets of $C_{p} (X)$ .

Minimal number of periodic points for smooth self-maps of S³

Grzegorz Graff, Jerzy Jezierski (2009)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let f be a continuous self-map of a smooth compact connected and simply-connected manifold of dimension m ≥ 3 and r a fixed natural number. A topological invariant $D_{r}^{m} [f]$ , introduced by the authors [Forum Math. 21 (2009)], is equal to the minimal number of r-periodic points for all smooth maps homotopic to f. In this paper we calculate $D ³_{r} [f]$ for all self-maps of S³.

A classification of inverse limit spaces of tent maps with periodic critical points

Lois Kailhofer (2003)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We work within the one-parameter family of symmetric tent maps, where the slope is the parameter. Given two such tent maps $f_{a}$ , $f_{b}$ with periodic critical points, we show that the inverse limit spaces $(_{a}, f_{a})$ and $(_{b}, g_{b})$ are not homeomorphic when a ≠ b. To obtain our result, we define topological substructures of a composant, called “wrapping points” and “gaps”, and identify properties of these substructures preserved under a homeomorphism.

Exact $^{\infty}$ covering maps of the circle without (weak) limit measure

Roland Zweimüller (2002)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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We construct $^{\infty}$ maps T on the interval and on the circle which are Lebesgue exact preserving an absolutely continuous infinite measure μ ≪ λ, such that for any probability measure ν ≪ λ the sequence ${(n^{- 1} \sum_{k = 0}^{n - 1} ν \circ T^{- k})}_{n \geq 1}$ of arithmetical averages of image measures does not converge weakly.

Injectors of fitting classes of $\mathfrak{G}_{1}$ -groups

Federico Menegazzo, Martin L. Newell (1988)

Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali. Rendiconti

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Fitting classes and injectors are discussed in the class of $\mathfrak{G}_{1}$ -groups. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of injectors is given; it is also shown that, when this condition holds, the injectors form a unique conjugacy class.

On dimensionally restricted maps

H. Murat Tuncali, Vesko Valov (2002)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let f: X → Y be a closed n-dimensional surjective map of metrizable spaces. It is shown that if Y is a C-space, then: (1) the set of all maps g: X → ⁿ with dim(f △ g) = 0 is uniformly dense in C(X,ⁿ); (2) for every 0 ≤ k ≤ n-1 there exists an $F_{σ}$ -subset $A_{k}$ of X such that $d i m A_{k} \leq k$ and the restriction $f | (X ∖ A_{k})$ is (n-k-1)-dimensional. These are extensions of theorems by Pasynkov and Toruńczyk, respectively, obtained for finite-dimensional spaces. A generalization of a result due to Dranishnikov and Uspenskij...

Canonical Banach function spaces generated by Urysohn universal spaces. Measures as Lipschitz maps

Piotr Niemiec (2009)

Studia Mathematica

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It is proved (independently of the result of Holmes [Fund. Math. 140 (1992)]) that the dual space of the uniform closure $C F L (_{r})$ of the linear span of the maps x ↦ d(x,a) - d(x,b), where d is the metric of the Urysohn space $_{r}$ of diameter r, is (isometrically if r = +∞) isomorphic to the space $L I P (_{r})$ of equivalence classes of all real-valued Lipschitz maps on $_{r}$ . The space of all signed (real-valued) Borel measures on $_{r}$ is isometrically embedded in the dual space of $C F L (_{r})$ and it is shown that the image...

Strong density for higher order Sobolev spaces into compact manifolds

Pierre Bousquet, Augusto C. Ponce, Jean Van Schaftingen (2015)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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Given a compact manifold $N^{n}$ , an integer $k \in ℕ_{*}$ and an exponent $1 \leq p < \infty$ , we prove that the class $C^{\infty} ({\bar{Q}}^{m}; N^{n})$ of smooth maps on the cube with values into $N^{n}$ is dense with respect to the strong topology in the Sobolev space $W^{k, p} (Q^{m}; N^{n})$ when the homotopy group $π_{⌊ k p ⌋} (N^{n})$ of order $⌊ k p ⌋$ is trivial. We also prove density of maps that are smooth except for a set of dimension $m - ⌊ k p ⌋ - 1$ , without any restriction on the homotopy group of $N^{n}$ .

A Note on $\mathcal{R}$ -Maps

Zbigniew Duszyński (2007)

Bollettino dell'Unione Matematica Italiana

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Richness of the class of $\mathcal{R}$ -maps [3] is investigated. Several consequences for the theory of quasi- $\mathcal{H}$ -closed spaces are indicated.

A characterization of graphs which can be approximated in area by smooth graphs

Domenico Mucci (2001)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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For vector valued maps, convergence in $W^{1, 1}$ and of all minors of the Jacobian matrix in $L^{1}$ is equivalent to convergence weakly in the sense of currents and in area for graphs. We show that maps defined on domains of dimension $n \geq 3$ can be approximated strongly in this sense by smooth maps if and only if the same property holds for the restriction to a.e. 2-dimensional plane intersecting the domain.

Persistence of fixed points under rigid perturbations of maps

Salvador Addas-Zanata, Pedro A. S. Salomão (2014)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let f: S¹ × [0,1] → S¹ × [0,1] be a real-analytic diffeomorphism which is homotopic to the identity map and preserves an area form. Assume that for some lift f̃: ℝ × [0,1] → ℝ × [0,1] we have Fix(f̃) = ℝ × 0 and that f̃ positively translates points in ℝ × 1. Let $f ̃_{ϵ}$ be the perturbation of f̃ by the rigid horizontal translation (x,y) ↦ (x+ϵ,y). We show that $F i x (f ̃_{ϵ}) = \emptyset$ for all ϵ > 0 sufficiently small. The proof follows from Kerékjártó’s construction of Brouwer lines for orientation preserving...

Well-posedness of optimization problems and Hausdorff metric on partial maps

Alessandro Caterino, Rita Ceppitelli, Ľubica Holà (2006)

Bollettino dell'Unione Matematica Italiana

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The object of this paper is the Hausdorff metric topology on partial maps with closed domains. This topological space is denoted by $(\mathcal{P},H_{\rho})$ . An equivalence of well-posedness of constrained continuous problems is proved. By using the completeness of the Hausdorff metric on the space of usco maps with moving domains, the complete metrizability of $(\mathcal{P},H_{\rho})$ is investigated.

Real $C^{k}$ Koebe principle

Weixiao Shen, Michael Todd (2005)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We prove a $C^{k}$ version of the real Koebe principle for interval (or circle) maps with non-flat critical points.

On Bressan's conjecture on mixing properties of vector fields

Stefano Bianchini (2006)

Banach Center Publications

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In [9], the author considers a sequence of invertible maps $T_{i} : S ¹ \to S ¹$ which exchange the positions of adjacent intervals on the unit circle, and defines as Aₙ the image of the set 0 ≤ x ≤ 1/2 under the action of Tₙ ∘ ... ∘ T₁, (1) Aₙ = (Tₙ ∘ ... ∘ T₁)x₁ ≤ 1/2. Then, if Aₙ is mixed up to scale h, it is proved that (2) $\sum_{i = 1}^{n} (T o t . V a r . (T_{i} - I) + T o t . V a r . (T_{i}^{- 1} - I)) \geq C l o g 1 / h$ . We prove that (1) holds for general quasi incompressible invertible BV maps on ℝ, and that this estimate implies that the map Tₙ ∘ ... ∘ T₁ belongs to the Besov space $B^{0, 1, 1}$ , and its...

The structure of a local embedding and Chern classes of weighted blow-ups

Anca M. Mustaţǎ, Andrei Mustaţǎ (2012)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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For a proper local embedding between two Deligne-Mumford stacks $Y$ and $X$ , we find, under certain mild conditions, a new (possibly non-separated) Deligne-Mumford stack $X^{'}$ , with an etale, surjective and universally closed map to the target $X$ , and whose fiber product with the image of the local embedding is a finite union of stacks with corresponding etale, surjective and universally closed maps to $Y$ . Moreover, a natural set of weights on the substacks of $X^{'}$ allows the construction of a universally...

Sets of nondifferentiability for conjugacies between expanding interval maps

Thomas Jordan, Marc Kesseböhmer, Mark Pollicott, Bernd O. Stratmann (2009)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We study differentiability of topological conjugacies between expanding piecewise $C^{1 + ϵ}$ interval maps. If these conjugacies are not C¹, then their derivative vanishes Lebesgue almost everywhere. We show that in this case the Hausdorff dimension of the set of points for which the derivative of the conjugacy does not exist lies strictly between zero and one. Moreover, by employing the thermodynamic formalism, we show that this Hausdorff dimension can be determined explicitly in terms of the...

Extending generalized Whitney maps

Ivan Lončar (2017)

Archivum Mathematicum

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For metrizable continua, there exists the well-known notion of a Whitney map. If $X$ is a nonempty, compact, and metric space, then any Whitney map for any closed subset of $2^{X}$ can be extended to a Whitney map for $2^{X}$ [3, 16.10 Theorem]. The main purpose of this paper is to prove some generalizations of this theorem.

Linear maps preserving elements annihilated by the polynomial $X Y - Y X^{†}$

Jianlian Cui, Jinchuan Hou (2006)

Studia Mathematica

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Let H and K be complex complete indefinite inner product spaces, and ℬ(H,K) (ℬ(H) if K = H) the set of all bounded linear operators from H into K. For every T ∈ ℬ(H,K), denote by $T^{†}$ the indefinite conjugate of T. Suppose that Φ: ℬ(H) → ℬ(K) is a bijective linear map. We prove that Φ satisfies $Φ (A) Φ (B) = Φ (B) Φ {(A)}^{†}$ for all A, B ∈ ℬ(H) with $A B = B A^{†}$ if and only if there exist a nonzero real number c and a generalized indefinite unitary operator U ∈ ℬ(H,K) such that $Φ (A) = c U A U^{†}$ for all A ∈ ℬ(H).

A note on multilinear Muckenhoupt classes for multiple weights

Songqing Chen, Huoxiong Wu, Qingying Xue (2014)

Studia Mathematica

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This paper is devoted to investigating the properties of multilinear $A_{P ⃗}$ conditions and $A_{(P ⃗, q)}$ conditions, which are suitable for the study of multilinear operators on Lebesgue spaces. Some monotonicity properties of $A_{P ⃗}$ and $A_{(P ⃗, q)}$ classes with respect to P⃗ and q are given, although these classes are not in general monotone with respect to the natural partial order. Equivalent characterizations of multilinear $A_{(P ⃗, q)}$ classes in terms of the linear $A_{p}$ classes are established. These results essentially improve...

On the structural result on normal plane maps

Tomás Madaras, Andrea Marcinová (2002)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

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We prove the structural result on normal plane maps, which applies to the vertex distance colouring of plane maps. The vertex distance-t chromatic number of a plane graph G with maximum degree Δ(G) ≤ D, D ≥ 12 is proved to be upper bounded by $6 + [(2 D + 12) / (D - 2)] ({(D - 1)}^{(t - 1)} - 1)$ . This improves a recent bound $6 + [(3 D + 3) / (D - 2)] ({(D - 1)}^{t - 1} - 1)$ , D ≥ 8 by Jendrol’ and Skupień, and the upper bound for distance-2 chromatic number.

On weak $i$ -homotopy equivalences of modules

Zheng-Xu He (1984)

Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali. Rendiconti Lincei. Matematica e Applicazioni

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Si definisce il gruppo di $i$ —omotopia di un singolo modulo e si introduce la nozione di equivalenza $i$ -omotopica debole. Sotto determinate condizioni per l'anello di base $\Lambda$ oppure per i moduli considerati, le equivalenze $i$ -omotopiche deboli coincidono con le equivalenze $i$ -omotopiche (forti).

On open maps and related functions over the Salbany compactification

Mbekezeli Nxumalo (2024)

Archivum Mathematicum

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Given a topological space $X$ , let $𝒰 X$ and $η_{X} : X \to 𝒰 X$ denote, respectively, the Salbany compactification of $X$ and the compactification map called the Salbany map of $X$ . For every continuous function $f : X \to Y$ , there is a continuous function $𝒰 f : 𝒰 X \to 𝒰 Y$ , called the Salbany lift of $f$ , satisfying $(𝒰 f) \circ η_{X} = η_{Y} \circ f$ . If a continuous function $f : X \to Y$ has a stably compact codomain $Y$ , then there is a Salbany extension $F : 𝒰 X \to Y$ of $f$ , not necessarily unique, such that $F \circ η_{X} = f$ . In this paper, we give a condition on a space such that its Salbany map is open. In...

The number of conjugacy classes of elements of the Cremona group of some given finite order

Jérémy Blanc (2007)

Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France

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This note presents the study of the conjugacy classes of elements of some given finite order $n$ in the Cremona group of the plane. In particular, it is shown that the number of conjugacy classes is infinite if $n$ is even, $n = 3$ or $n = 5$ , and that it is equal to $3$ (respectively $9$ ) if $n = 9$ (respectively if $n = 15$ ) and to $1$ for all remaining odd orders. Some precise representative elements of the classes are given.

Equalizers and coactions of groups

Martin Arkowitz, Mauricio Gutierrez (2002)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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If f:G → H is a group homomorphism and p,q are the projections from the free product G*H onto its factors G and H respectively, let the group $_{f} \subseteq G * H$ be the equalizer of fp and q:G*H → H. Then p restricts to an epimorphism $p_{f} {= p |}_{f} :_{f} \to G$ . A right inverse (section) $G \to_{f}$ of $p_{f}$ is called a coaction on G. In this paper we study $_{f}$ and the sections of $p_{f}$ . We consider the following topics: the structure of $_{f}$ as a free product, the restrictions on G resulting from the existence of a coaction, maps of coactions and...

Finite-dimensional maps and dendrites with dense sets of end points

Hisao Kato, Eiichi Matsuhashi (2006)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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The first author has recently proved that if f: X → Y is a k-dimensional map between compacta and Y is p-dimensional (0 ≤ k, p < ∞), then for each 0 ≤ i ≤ p + k, the set of maps g in the space $C (X, I^{p + 2 k + 1 - i})$ such that the diagonal product $f \times g : X \to Y \times I^{p + 2 k + 1 - i}$ is an (i+1)-to-1 map is a dense $G_{δ}$ -subset of $C (X, I^{p + 2 k + 1 - i})$ . In this paper, we prove that if f: X → Y is as above and $D_{j}$ (j = 1,..., k) are superdendrites, then the set of maps h in $C (X, \prod_{j = 1}^{k} D_{j} \times I^{p + 1 - i})$ such that $f \times h : X \to Y \times (\prod_{j = 1}^{k} D_{j} \times I^{p + 1 - i})$ is (i+1)-to-1 is a dense $G_{δ}$ -subset of $C (X, \prod_{j = 1}^{k} D_{j} \times I^{p + 1 - i})$ for each 0 ≤ i ≤ p.

Distortion inequality for the Frobenius-Perron operator and some of its consequences in ergodic theory of Markov maps in $ℝ^{d}$

Piotr Bugiel (1998)

Annales Polonici Mathematici

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Asymptotic properties of the sequences (a) ${P_{φ}^{j} g}_{j = 1}^{\infty}$ and (b) ${j^{- 1} \sum_{i = 0}^{j - 1} P ⁱ_{φ} g}_{j = 1}^{\infty}$ , where $P_{φ} : L ¹ \to L ¹$ is the Frobenius-Perron operator associated with a nonsingular Markov map defined on a σ-finite measure space, are studied for g ∈ G = f ∈ L¹: f ≥ 0 and ⃦f ⃦ = 1. An operator-theoretic analogue of Rényi’s Condition is introduced. It is proved that under some additional assumptions this condition implies the L¹-convergence of the sequences (a) and (b) to a unique g₀ ∈ G. The general result is applied to some smooth Markov...

Formally self-referential propositions for cut free classical analysis and related systems

G. Kreisel, G. Takeuti

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CONTENTSIntroduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 I. Results on self-referential propositions............................................................................................................................. 11 1. Definitions of some principal metamathematical notions......................................................................

G-functors, G-posets and homotopy decompositions of G-spaces

Stefan Jackowski, Jolanta Słomińska (2001)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We describe a unifying approach to a variety of homotopy decompositions of classifying spaces, mainly of finite groups. For a group G acting on a poset W and an isotropy presheaf d:W → (G) we construct a natural G-map $h o c o l i m_{_{d}} G / d (-) \to | W |$ which is a (non-equivariant) homotopy equivalence, hence $h o c o l i m_{_{d}} E G \times_{G} F_{d} \to E G \times_{G} | W |$ is a homotopy equivalence. Different choices of G-posets and isotropy presheaves on them lead to homotopy decompositions of classifying spaces. We analyze higher limits over the categories associated to isotropy...

The general methods of finding the sum $S_{n}$ for all kinds of series

K. Orlov (1981)

Matematički Vesnik

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