Natural dualities for varieties of distributive lattices with a quantifier
A non-deterministic hypersubstitution maps any operation symbol of a tree language of type τ to a set of trees of the same type, i.e. to a tree language. Non-deterministic hypersubstitutions can be extended to mappings which map tree languages to tree languages preserving the arities. We define the application of a non-deterministic hypersubstitution to an algebra of type τ and obtain a class of derived algebras. Non-deterministic hypersubstitutions can also be applied to equations of type τ. Formally,...
Subdirectly irreducible non-idempotent groupoids satisfying and are studied.
We consider algebras determined by all normal identities of -algebras, i.e. algebras of many-valued logics. For such algebras, we present a representation based on a normalization of a sectionally involutioned lattice, i.e. a -lattice, and another one based on a normalization of a lattice-ordered group.