Groupoids and the associative law IIIA. (Primitive extensions of SH-groupoids and their semigroup distances)
By a relational system we mean a couple where is a set and is a binary relation on , i.e. . To every directed relational system we assign a groupoid on the same base set where if and only if . We characterize basic properties of by means of identities satisfied by and show how homomorphisms between those groupoids are related to certain homomorphisms of relational systems.
A family of loops is studied, which arises with its binary operation in a natural way from some transversals possessing a ``normality condition''.