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Minimal nonhomogeneous continua

Henk Bruin, Sergiǐ Kolyada, L'ubomír Snoha (2003)

Colloquium Mathematicae

We show that there are (1) nonhomogeneous metric continua that admit minimal noninvertible maps but have the fixed point property for homeomorphisms, and (2) nonhomogeneous metric continua that admit both minimal noninvertible maps and minimal homeomorphisms. The former continua are constructed as quotient spaces of the torus or as subsets of the torus, the latter are constructed as subsets of the torus.

Multivalued Lyapunov functions for homeomorphisms of the 2-torus

Patrice Le Calvez (2006)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

Let F be a homeomorphism of 𝕋² = ℝ²/ℤ² isotopic to the identity and f a lift to the universal covering space ℝ². We suppose that κ ∈ H¹(𝕋²,ℝ) is a cohomology class which is positive on the rotation set of f. We prove the existence of a smooth Lyapunov function of f whose derivative lifts a non-vanishing smooth closed form on 𝕋² whose cohomology class is κ.

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