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The characterizations of upper approximation operators based on special coverings

Pei Wang, Qingguo Li (2017)

Open Mathematics

In this paper, we discuss the approximation operators [...] apr¯NS a p r ¯ N S and [...] apr¯S a p r ¯ S which are based on NS(U) and S. We not only obtain some properties of NS(U) and S, but also give examples to show some special properties. We also study sufficient and necessary conditions when they become closure operators. In addition, we give general and topological characterizations of the covering for two types of covering-based upper approximation operators being closure operators.

The family of I -density type topologies

Grazyna Horbaczewska (2005)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

We investigate a family of topologies introduced similarly as the I -density topology. In particular, we compare these topologies with respect to inclusion and we look for conditions under which these topologies are identical.

Tightness and resolvability

Angelo Bella, Viacheslav I. Malykhin (1998)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

We prove resolvability and maximal resolvability of topological spaces having countable tightness with some additional properties. For this purpose, we introduce some new versions of countable tightness. We also construct a couple of examples of irresolvable spaces.

Topologies generated by ideals

Carlos Uzcátegui (2006)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

A topological space X is said to be generated by an ideal if for all A X and all x A ¯ there is E A in such that x E ¯ , and is said to be weakly generated by if whenever a subset A of X contains E ¯ for every E A with E , then A itself is closed. An important class of examples are the so called weakly discretely generated spaces (which include sequential, scattered and compact Hausdorff spaces). Another paradigmatic example is the class of Alexandroff spaces which corresponds to spaces generated by finite sets....

Topology on ordered fields

Yoshio Tanaka (2012)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

An ordered field is a field which has a linear order and the order topology by this order. For a subfield F of an ordered field, we give characterizations for F to be Dedekind-complete or Archimedean in terms of the order topology and the subspace topology on F .

Transitivity and partial order

Jiří Klaška (1997)

Mathematica Bohemica

In this paper we find a one-to-one correspondence between transitive relations and partial orders. On the basis of this correspondence we deduce the recurrence formula for enumeration of their numbers. We also determine the number of all transitive relations on an arbitrary n -element set up to n = 14 .

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