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Infectious diseases may have multiple infectious stages with very different epidemiological attributes,
including infectivity and disease progression. These stages are often
assumed to have exponentially distributed durations in epidemiological models. However,
models that use the exponential distribution assumption (EDA) may generate biased and
even misleading results in some cases. This discrepancy is particularly damaging if the models
are employed to assist policy-makers in disease control...
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem. A possible risk factor for TB is
diabetes (DM), which is predicted to increase dramatically over the next two decades,
particularly in low and middle income countries, where TB is widespread. This study aimed
to assess the strength of the association between TB and DM. We present a deterministic
model for TB in a community in order to determine the impact of DM in the spread of the
disease....
The role of relaxation oscillator models in application fields such as modeling dynamic systems and image analysis is discussed. A short review of the Van der Pol, Wilson-Cowan and Terman-Wang relaxation oscillators is given. The key property of such nonlinear oscillators, i.e., the oscillator phase shift (called the Phase Response Curve) as a result of external pulse stimuli is indicated as a fundamental mechanism to achieve and sustain synchrony in networks of coupled oscillators. It is noted...
A simple model of phenotypic evolution is introduced and analysed in a space of population states. The expected values of the population states generate a discrete dynamical system. The asymptotic behaviour of the system is studied with the use of classical tools of dynamical systems. The number, location and stability of fixed points of the system depend on parameters of a fitness function and the parameters of the evolutionary process itself. The influence of evolutionary process parameters on...
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