In this article we prove the Leibniz series for π which states that π4=∑n=0∞(−1)n2⋅n+1. $$\frac{\pi }{4}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }\frac{{\left(-1\right)}^n}{2·n+1}.$$ The formalization follows K. Knopp [8], [1] and [6]. Leibniz’s Series for Pi is item 26 from the “Formalizing 100 Theorems” list maintained by Freek Wiedijk at http://www.cs.ru.nl/F.Wiedijk/100/.

We shall prove the following statements: Given a sequence ${\left\{a_n\right\}}_{n=1}^{\infty }$ in a Banach space $𝐗$ enjoying the weak Banach-Saks property, there is a subsequence (or a permutation) ${\left\{b_n\right\}}_{n=1}^{\infty }$ of the sequence ${\left\{a_n\right\}}_{n=1}^{\infty }$ such that $$\underset{n\to \infty }{lim}\frac{1}{n}\sum _{j=1}^n{b}_j=a$$ whenever $a$ belongs to the closed convex hull of the set of weak limit points of ${\left\{a_n\right\}}_{n=1}^{\infty }$. In case $𝐗$ has the Banach-Saks property and ${\left\{a_n\right\}}_{n=1}^{\infty }$ is bounded the converse assertion holds too. A characterization of reflexive spaces in terms of limit points and cores of bounded sequences is also given. The motivation for the...

Let T be a self-adjoint tridiagonal operator in a Hilbert space H with the orthonormal basis {e n}n=1∞, σ(T) be the spectrum of T and Λ(T) be the set of all the limit points of eigenvalues of the truncated operator T N. We give sufficient conditions such that the spectrum of T is discrete and σ(T) = Λ(T) and we connect this problem with an old problem in analysis.

In this study, we obtain a local approximation theorems for a certain family of positive linear operators via I-convergence by using the first and the second modulus of continuities and the elements of Lipschitz class functions. We also give an example to show that the classical Korovkin Theory does not work but the theory works in I-convergence sense.

Let $A={\left(a_{n,k}\right)}_{n,k\ge 1}$ be a non-negative matrix. Denote by $L_{v,p,q,F}\left(A\right)$ the supremum of those $L$ that satisfy the inequality $${\parallel Ax\parallel }_{v,q,F}\ge L{\parallel x\parallel }_{v,p,F},$$ where $x\ge 0$ and $x\in l_p(v,F)$ and also $v={\left(v_n\right)}_{n=1}^{\infty }$ is an increasing, non-negative sequence of real numbers. If $p=q$, we use $L_{v,p,F}\left(A\right)$ instead of $L_{v,p,p,F}\left(A\right)$. In this paper we obtain a Hardy type formula for $L_{v,p,q,F}\left(H_{\mu }\right)$, where $H_{\mu }$ is a Hausdorff matrix and $0<q\le p\le 1$. Another purpose of this paper is to establish a lower bound for $\parallel A_W^{NM}{\parallel }_{v,p,F}$, where $A_W^{NM}$ is the Nörlund matrix associated with the sequence $W={\left\{w_n\right\}}_{n=1}^{\infty }$ and $1<p<\infty$. Our results generalize some works of Bennett, Jameson and present authors....

Let $f\in V_r\left(\right){\cup }_r\left(\right)$, where, for 1 ≤ r < ∞, $V_r\left(\right)$ (resp., ${}_r\left(\right)$) denotes the class of functions (resp., bounded functions) g: → ℂ such that g has bounded r-variation (resp., uniformly bounded r-variations) on (resp., on the dyadic arcs of ). In the author’s recent article [New York J. Math. 17 (2011)] it was shown that if is a super-reflexive space, and E(·): ℝ → () is the spectral decomposition of a trigonometrically well-bounded operator U ∈ (), then over a suitable non-void open interval of r-values, the condition...

The notion of oscillation for ordinary sequences was presented by Hurwitz in 1930. Using this notion Agnew and Hurwitz presented regular matrix characterization of the resulting sequence space. The primary goal of this article is to extend this definition to double sequences, which grants us the following definition: the double oscillation of a double sequence of real or complex number is given P-lim sup(m,n)→∞;(α,β)→∞|S m,n-S α,β|. Using this concept a matrix characterization of double oscillation...