It is shown that a homomorphism between certain topological algebras of holomorphic functions is continuous if and only if it is a composition operator.

We characterize a class of *-homomorphisms on Lip⁎(X,𝓑(𝓗 )), a non-commutative Banach *-algebra of Lipschitz functions on a compact metric space and with values in 𝓑(𝓗 ). We show that the zero map is the only multiplicative *-preserving linear functional on Lip⁎(X,𝓑(𝓗 )). We also establish the algebraic reflexivity property of a class of *-isomorphisms on Lip⁎(X,𝓑(𝓗 )).

Let $T_1,\cdots ,T_d$ be homogeneous trees with degrees $q_1+1,\cdots ,q_d+1\ge 3$, respectively. For each tree, let $𝔥:T_j\to \mathbb{Z}$ be the Busemann function with respect to a fixed boundary point (end). Its level sets are the horocycles. The horocyclic product of $T_1,\cdots ,T_d$ is the graph $\mathrm{𝖣𝖫}(q_1,\cdots ,q_d)$ consisting of all $d$-tuples $x_1\cdots x_d\in T_1\times \cdots \times T_d$ with $𝔥\left(x_1\right)+\cdots +𝔥\left(x_d\right)=0$, equipped with a natural neighbourhood relation. In the present paper, we explore the geometric, algebraic, analytic and probabilistic properties of these graphs and their isometry groups. If $d=2$ and $q_1=q_2=q$ then we obtain a Cayley graph of the...

The aim of this paper is to give a general idea to state optimality conditions of control problems in the following form: ${\displaystyle \underset{{\displaystyle (u,v)\in {𝒰}_{ad}}}{inf}{\int }_0^{1}f\left(t,u\left({\theta }_v\left(t\right)\right),u^{\text{'}}\left(t\right),v\left(t\right)\right)\mathrm{d}t}$, (1) where ${𝒰}_{ad}$ is a set of admissible controls and ${\theta }_v$ is the solution of the following equation: $\{\frac{\mathrm{d}\theta \left(t\right)}{\mathrm{d}t}=g(t,\theta \left(t\right),v\left(t\right)),t\in [0,1]$ ; ${\displaystyle \theta \left(0\right)={\theta }_0,\theta \left(t\right)\in [0,1]\forall t}$. (2). The results are nonlocal and new.

In this paper, some hybrid fixed point theorems for the right monotone increasing multi-valued mappings in ordered Banach spaces are proved via measure of noncompactness and they are further applied to the neutral functional nonconvex differential inclusions involving discontinuous multi-functions for proving the existence results under mixed Lipschitz, compactness and right monotonicity conditions. Our results improve the multi-valued hybrid fixed point theorems of Dhage (Dhage, B. C., A fixed...