Let E be a Fréchet Schwartz space with a continuous norm and with a finite-dimensional decomposition, and let F be any infinite-dimensional subspace of E. It is proved that E can be written as G ⨁ H where G and H do not contain any subspace isomorphic to F. In particular, E is not primary. If the subspace F is not normable then the statement holds for other quasinormable Fréchet spaces, e.g., if E is a quasinormable and locally normable Köthe sequence space, or if E is a space of holomorphic functions...
We study a partially hyperbolic and topologically transitive local diffeomorphism F that is a skew-product over a horseshoe map. This system is derived from a homoclinic class and contains infinitely many hyperbolic periodic points of different indices and hence is not hyperbolic. The associated transitive invariant set Λ possesses a very rich fiber structure, it contains uncountably many trivial and uncountably many non-trivial fibers. Moreover, the spectrum of the central Lyapunov exponents of...
We study one-parameter families of diffeomorphisms unfolding heterodimensional cycles (i.e. cycles containing periodic points of different indices). We construct an open set of such arcs such that, for a subset of the parameter space with positive relative density at the bifurcation value, the resulting nonwandering set is the disjoint union of two hyperbolic basic sets of different indices and a strong partially hyperbolic set which is robustly transitive. The dynamics of the diffeomorphisms we...
Two properties on projective tensor products are introduced and briefly studied. We apply them to give sufficient conditions to assure the non-containment of l1 in a projective tensor product of Banach spaces.
We discuss the remaining obstacles to prove Smale's conjecture about the C¹-density of hyperbolicity among surface diffeomorphisms. Using a C¹-generic approach, we classify the possible pathologies that may obstruct the C¹-density of hyperbolicity. We show that there are essentially two types of obstruction: (i) persistence of infinitely many hyperbolic homoclinic classes and (ii) existence of a single homoclinic class which robustly exhibits homoclinic tangencies. In the course of our discussion,...
We present some results on the mathematical treatment of a global two-dimensional diffusive climate model. The model is based on a long time averaged energy balance and leads to a nonlinear parabolic equation for the averaged surface temperature. The spatial domain is a compact two-dimensional Riemannian manifold without boundary simulating the Earth. We prove the existence of bounded weak solutions via a fixed point argument. Although, the uniqueness of solutions may fail, in general, we give a...
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