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The neutral differential equation (1.1) $$\frac{{\mathrm{d}}^n}{\mathrm{d}{t}^n}[x\left(t\right)+x(t-\tau )]+\sigma F(t,x\left(g\left(t\right)\right))=0,$$ is considered under the following conditions: $n\ge 2$, $\tau >0$, $\sigma =\pm 1$, $F(t,u)$ is nonnegative on $[t_0,\infty )\times (0,\infty )$ and is nondecreasing in $u\in (0,\infty )$, and $limg\left(t\right)=\infty$ as $t\to \infty$. It is shown that equation (1.1) has a solution $x\left(t\right)$ such that (1.2) $$\underset{t\to \infty }{lim}\frac{x\left(t\right)}{t^k}\text{exists}\text{and}\text{is}\text{a}\text{positive}\text{finite}\text{value}\text{if}\text{and}\text{only}\text{if}{\int }_{t_0}^{\infty }{t}^{n-k-1}F(t,c{\left[g\left(t\right)\right]}^k)\mathrm{d}t<\infty \text{for}\text{some}c>0.$$ Here, $k$ is an integer with $0\le k\le n-1$. To prove the existence of a solution $x\left(t\right)$ satisfying (1.2), the Schauder-Tychonoff fixed point theorem is used.

We consider the half-linear differential equation of the form $$\left(p\left(t\right)\right|x^{\text{'}}{|}^{\alpha }\mathrm{sgn}{x}^{\text{'}}{)}^{\text{'}}+q\left(t\right){\left|x\right|}^{\alpha }\mathrm{sgn}x=0,t\ge t_0,$$ under the assumption that $p{\left(t\right)}^{-1/\alpha }$ is integrable on $[t_0,\infty )$. It is shown that if a certain condition is satisfied, then the above equation has a pair of nonoscillatory solutions with specific asymptotic behavior as $t\to \infty$.

It is shown that oscillation of perturbed second order half-linear differential equations can be derived from oscillation of second order linear differential equations associated with modified Riccati equations. In the main result of the present paper, some of technical assumptions in the known results of this type are removed.

The half-linear differential equation $$\left(\right|u^{\text{'}}{|}^{\alpha }\mathrm{sgn}{u}^{\text{'}}{)}^{\text{'}}=\alpha ({\lambda }^{\alpha +1}+b\left(t\right)){\left|u\right|}^{\alpha }\mathrm{sgn}u,t\ge t_0,$$ is considered, where $\alpha$ and $\lambda$ are positive constants and $b\left(t\right)$ is a real-valued continuous function on $[t_0,\infty )$. It is proved that, under a mild integral smallness condition of $b\left(t\right)$ which is weaker than the absolutely integrable condition of $b\left(t\right)$, the above equation has a nonoscillatory solution $u_0\left(t\right)$ such that $u_0\left(t\right)\sim {\mathrm{e}}^{-\lambda t}$ and $u_0^{\text{'}}\left(t\right)\sim -\lambda {\mathrm{e}}^{-\lambda t}$ ($t\to \infty$), and a nonoscillatory solution $u_1\left(t\right)$ such that $u_1\left(t\right)\sim {\mathrm{e}}^{\lambda t}$ and $u_1^{\text{'}}\left(t\right)\sim \lambda {\mathrm{e}}^{\lambda t}$ ($t\to \infty$).

The higher-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation $$x^{\left(n\right)}+\lambda p\left(t\right)f\left(x\right)=0,t\ge a,$$ is considered and the problem of counting the number of zeros of bounded nonoscillatory solutions $x(t;\lambda )$ satisfying ${lim}_{t\to \infty }x(t;\lambda )=1$ is studied. The results can be applied to a singular eigenvalue problem.

We consider linear differential equations of the form $${\left(p\left(t\right)x^{\text{'}}\right)}^{\text{'}}+\lambda q\left(t\right)x=0(p\left(t\right)>0,q\left(t\right)>0)\left(\mathrm{A}\right)$$ on an infinite interval $[a,\infty )$ and study the problem of finding those values of $\lambda$ for which () has principal solutions $x_0(t;\lambda )$ vanishing at $t=a$. This problem may well be called a singular eigenvalue problem, since requiring $x_0(t;\lambda )$ to be a principal solution can be considered as a boundary condition at $t=\infty$. Similarly to the regular eigenvalue problems for () on compact intervals, we can prove a theorem asserting that there exists a sequence $\left\{{\lambda }_n\right\}$ of eigenvalues such...