The thickness of a graph is the minimum number of planar spanning subgraphs into which the graph can be decomposed. It is a measurement of the closeness to the planarity of a graph, and it also has important applications to VLSI design, but it has been known for only few graphs. We obtain the thickness of vertex-amalgamation and bar-amalgamation of graphs, the lower and upper bounds for the thickness of edge-amalgamation and 2-vertex-amalgamation of graphs, respectively. We also study the thickness...
By analogy with the projective, injective and flat modules, in this paper we study some properties of -Gorenstein projective, injective and flat modules and discuss some connections between -Gorenstein injective and -Gorenstein flat modules. We also investigate some connections between -Gorenstein projective, injective and flat modules of change of rings.
Let be an Artin algebra. In view of the characterization of finitely generated Gorenstein injective -modules under the condition that is a cocompatible -bimodule, we establish a recollement of the stable category . We also determine all strongly complete injective resolutions and all strongly Gorenstein injective modules over .
A ring is called a left APP-ring if the left annihilator is right -unital as an ideal of for any element . We consider left APP-property of the skew formal power series ring where is a ring automorphism of . It is shown that if is a ring satisfying descending chain condition on right annihilators then is left APP if and only if for any sequence of elements of the ideal
is right -unital. As an application we give a sufficient condition under which the ring...
In this paper, we study the existence of the -flat preenvelope and the -FP-injective cover. We also characterize -coherent rings in terms of the -FP-injective and -flat modules.
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