Let $\epsilon$ be an algebraic unit of the degree $n\ge 3$. Assume that the extension $\mathbb{Q}\left(\epsilon \right)/\mathbb{Q}$ is Galois. We would like to determine when the order $\mathbb{Z}\left[\epsilon \right]$ of $\mathbb{Q}\left(\epsilon \right)$ is $\mathrm{Gal}\left(\mathbb{Q}\right(\epsilon )/\mathbb{Q})$-invariant, i.e. when the $n$ complex conjugates ${\epsilon }_1,\cdots ,{\epsilon }_n$ of $\epsilon$ are in $\mathbb{Z}\left[\epsilon \right]$, which amounts to asking that $\mathbb{Z}[{\epsilon }_1,\cdots ,{\epsilon }_n]=\mathbb{Z}\left[\epsilon \right]$, i.e., that these two orders of $\mathbb{Q}\left(\epsilon \right)$ have the same discriminant. This problem has been solved only for $n=3$ by using an explicit formula for the discriminant of the order $\mathbb{Z}[{\epsilon }_1,{\epsilon }_2,{\epsilon }_3]$. However, there is no known similar formula for $n>3$. In the present paper, we put forward and...

For any number field $K$ with non-elementary $3$-class group ${\mathrm{Cl}}_3\left(K\right)\simeq C_{3^e}\times C_3$, $e\ge 2$, the punctured capitulation type $\varkappa \left(K\right)$ of $K$ in its unramified cyclic cubic extensions $L_i$, $1\le i\le 4$, is an orbit under the action of $S_3\times S_3$. By means of Artin’s reciprocity law, the arithmetical invariant $\varkappa \left(K\right)$ is translated to the punctured transfer kernel type $\varkappa \left(G_2\right)$ of the automorphism group $G_2=\mathrm{Gal}({\mathrm{F}}_3^2\left(K\right)/K)$ of the second Hilbert $3$-class field of $K$. A classification of finite $3$-groups $G$ with low order and bicyclic commutator quotient $G/G^{\text{'}}\simeq C_{3^e}\times C_3$, $2\le e\le 6$, according to the algebraic...

In this paper, we examine a natural question concerning the divisors of the polynomial $x^n-1$: “How often does $x^n-1$ have a divisor of every degree between $1$ and $n$?” In a previous paper, we considered the situation when $x^n-1$ is factored in $\mathbb{Z}\left[x\right]$. In this paper, we replace $\mathbb{Z}\left[x\right]$ with ${𝔽}_p\left[x\right]$, where $p$ is an arbitrary-but-fixed prime. We also consider those $n$ where this condition holds for all $p$.

Let $A$ be a finite-dimensional $k$-algebra and $K/k$ be a finite separable field extension. We prove that $A$ is derived equivalent to a hereditary algebra if and only if so is $A{\otimes }_{k}K$.

We study sums and products in a field. Let $F$ be a field with $\mathrm{ch}\left(F\right)\ne 2$, where $\mathrm{ch}\left(F\right)$ is the characteristic of $F$. For any integer $k\ge 4$, we show that any $x\in F$ can be written as $a_1+\cdots +a_k$ with $a_1,\cdots ,a_k\in F$ and $a_1\cdots a_k=1$, and that for any $\alpha \in F\setminus \left\{0\right\}$ we can write every $x\in F$ as $a_1\cdots a_k$ with $a_1,\cdots ,a_k\in F$ and $a_1+\cdots +a_k=\alpha$. We also prove that for any $x\in F$ and $k\in \{2,3,\cdots \}$ there are $a_1,\cdots ,a_{2k}\in F$ such that $a_1+\cdots +a_{2k}=x=a_1\cdots a_{2k}$.

Let $G$ be a group and $\omega \left(G\right)$ be the set of element orders of $G$. Let $k\in \omega \left(G\right)$ and $m_k\left(G\right)$ be the number of elements of order $k$ in $G$. Let nse$\left(G\right)=\{m_k\left(G\right):k\in \omega \left(G\right)\}$. Assume $r$ is a prime number and let $G$ be a group such that nse$\left(G\right)=$ nse$\left(S_r\right)$, where $S_r$ is the symmetric group of degree $r$. In this paper we prove that $G\cong S_r$, if $r$ divides the order of $G$ and $r^2$ does not divide it. To get the conclusion we make use of some well-known results on the prime graphs of finite simple groups and their components.

In this paper we prove the following theorems in incidence geometry. 1. There is $\delta >0$ such that for any $P_1,\cdots ,P_4$, and $Q_1,\cdots ,Q_n\in {ℂ}^2$, if there are $\le n^{(1+\delta )/2}$ many distinct lines between $P_i$ and $Q_j$ for all $i$, $j$, then $P_1,\cdots ,P_4$ are collinear. If the number of the distinct lines is $<c{n}^{1/2}$ then the cross ratio of the four points is algebraic. 2. Given $c>0$, there is $\delta >0$ such that for any $P_1,P_2,P_3\in {ℂ}^2$ noncollinear, and $Q_1,\cdots ,Q_n\in {ℂ}^2$, if there are $\le c{n}^{1/2}$ many distinct lines between $P_i$ and $Q_j$ for all $i$, $j$, then for any $P\in {ℂ}^2\setminus \{P_1,P_2,P_3\}$, we have $\delta n$ distinct lines between $P$ and $Q_j$. 3. Given...

Given an algebraic number field $k$ and a finite group $\Gamma$, we write $ℛ\left(O_k\left[\Gamma \right]\right)$ for the subset of the locally free classgroup $\mathrm{Cl}\left(O_k\left[\Gamma \right]\right)$ consisting of the classes of rings of integers $O_N$ in tame Galois extensions $N/k$ with $\mathrm{Gal}(N/k)\cong \Gamma$. We determine $ℛ\left(O_k\left[\Gamma \right]\right)$, and show it is a subgroup of $\mathrm{Cl}\left(O_k\left[\Gamma \right]\right)$ by means of a description using a Stickelberger ideal and properties of some cyclic codes, when $k$ contains a root of unity of prime order $p$ and $\Gamma =V⋊C$, where $V$ is an elementary abelian group of order $p^r$ and $C$ is a cyclic group of order $m\&gt;1$ acting faithfully...