More on the Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse game of length ω₁

Tapani Hyttinen; Saharon Shelah; Jouko Vaananen

Displaying similar documents to “More on the Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse game of length ω₁”

Some applications of the point-open subbase game

D. Guerrero Sánchez, Vladimir Vladimirovich Tkachuk (2017)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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Given a subbase $𝒮$ of a space $X$ , the game $P O (𝒮, X)$ is defined for two players $P$ and $O$ who respectively pick, at the $n$ -th move, a point $x_{n} \in X$ and a set $U_{n} \in 𝒮$ such that $x_{n} \in U_{n}$ . The game stops after the moves ${x_{n}, U_{n} : n \in ø}$ have been made and the player $P$ wins if $⋃_{n \in ø} U_{n} = X$ ; otherwise $O$ is the winner. Since $P O (𝒮, X)$ is an evident modification of the well-known point-open game $P O (X)$ , the primary line of research is to describe the relationship between $P O (X)$ and $P O (𝒮, X)$ for a given subbase $𝒮$ . It turns out that, for any subbase $𝒮$ , the player $P$ has a winning...

Infinite $G_{δ}$ -games with imperfect information

D. Blackwell (1969)

Applicationes Mathematicae

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Chocolate games that satisfy the inequality $y \leq ⌊ \frac{z}{k} ⌋$ for $k = 1, 2$ and Grundy numbers

Shunsuke Nakamura, Ryo Hanafusa, Wataru Ogasa, Takeru Kitagawa, Ryohei Miyadera (2013)

Visual Mathematics

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On ordinals accessible by infinitary languages

Saharon Shelah, Pauli Väisänen, Jouko Väänänen (2005)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let λ be an infinite cardinal number. The ordinal number δ(λ) is the least ordinal γ such that if ϕ is any sentence of $L_{λ ⁺ ω}$ , with a unary predicate D and a binary predicate ≺, and ϕ has a model ℳ with $⟨ D^{ℳ}, ≺^{ℳ} ⟩$ a well-ordering of type ≥ γ, then ϕ has a model ℳ ’ where $⟨ D^{ℳ^{'}}, ≺^{ℳ^{'}} ⟩$ is non-well-ordered. One of the interesting properties of this number is that the Hanf number of $L_{λ ⁺ ω}$ is exactly $ℶ_{δ (λ)}$ . It was proved in [BK71] that if ℵ₀ < λ < κ $a r e r e g u l a r c a r d i n a l n u m b e r s, t h e n t h e r e i s a f o r c i n g e x t e n s i o n, p r e s e r v i n g c o f i n a l i t i e s, s u c h t h a t i n t h e e x t e n s i o n$ 2λ = κ $a n d δ (λ) < λ ⁺ ⁺ . W e i m p r o v e t h i s r e s u l t b y p r o v i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g : S u p p o s e ℵ ₀ < λ < θ \leq κ a r e c a r d i n a l n u m b e r s s u c h t h a t$ ∙ $λ^{< λ} = λ$ ; ∙ cf(θ) ≥ λ⁺ and $μ^{λ} < θ$ whenever μ < θ; ∙ $κ^{λ} = κ$ . Then there...

Norm continuity of pointwise quasi-continuous mappings

Alireza Kamel Mirmostafaee (2018)

Mathematica Bohemica

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Let $X$ be a Baire space, $Y$ be a compact Hausdorff space and $ϕ : X \to C_{p} (Y)$ be a quasi-continuous mapping. For a proximal subset $H$ of $Y \times Y$ we will use topological games $𝒢_{1} (H)$ and $𝒢_{2} (H)$ on $Y \times Y$ between two players to prove that if the first player has a winning strategy in these games, then $ϕ$ is norm continuous on a dense $G_{δ}$ subset of $X$ . It follows that if $Y$ is Valdivia compact, each quasi-continuous mapping from a Baire space $X$ to $C_{p} (Y)$ is norm continuous on a dense $G_{δ}$ subset of $X$ .

Spaces with property $(D C (ω_{1}))$

Wei-Feng Xuan, Wei-Xue Shi (2017)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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We prove that if $X$ is a first countable space with property $(D C (ω_{1}))$ and with a $G_{δ}$ -diagonal then the cardinality of $X$ is at most $𝔠$ . We also show that if $X$ is a first countable, DCCC, normal space then the extent of $X$ is at most $𝔠$ .

On the solvability of systems of linear equations over the ring $ℤ$ of integers

Horst Herrlich, Eleftherios Tachtsis (2017)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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We investigate the question whether a system ${(E_{i})}_{i \in I}$ of homogeneous linear equations over $ℤ$ is non-trivially solvable in $ℤ$ provided that each subsystem ${(E_{j})}_{j \in J}$ with $| J | \leq c$ is non-trivially solvable in $ℤ$ where $c$ is a fixed cardinal number such that $c < | I |$ . Among other results, we establish the following. (a) The answer is ‘No’ in the finite case (i.e., $I$ being finite). (b) The answer is ‘No’ in the denumerable case (i.e., $| I | = ℵ_{0}$ and $c$ a natural number). (c) The answer in case that $I$ is uncountable and $c \leq ℵ_{0}$ is ‘No...

On non-normality points, Tychonoff products and Suslin number

Sergei Logunov (2022)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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Let a space $X$ be Tychonoff product $\prod_{α < τ} X_{α}$ of $τ$ -many Tychonoff nonsingle point spaces $X_{α}$ . Let Suslin number of $X$ be strictly less than the cofinality of $τ$ . Then we show that every point of remainder is a non-normality point of its Čech–Stone compactification $β X$ . In particular, this is true if $X$ is either $R^{τ}$ or $ω^{τ}$ and a cardinal $τ$ is infinite and not countably cofinal.

Cardinal sequences of length < ω₂ under GCH

István Juhász, Lajos Soukup, William Weiss (2006)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let (α) denote the class of all cardinal sequences of length α associated with compact scattered spaces (or equivalently, superatomic Boolean algebras). Also put $_{λ} (α) = s \in (α) : s (0) = λ = m i n [s (β) : β < α]$ . We show that f ∈ (α) iff for some natural number n there are infinite cardinals $λ ₀ i > λ ₁ > . . . > λ_{n - 1}$ and ordinals $α ₀, . . ., α_{n - 1}$ such that $α = α ₀ + \dots + α_{n - 1}$ and $f = f ₀ ⏜ f ₁ ⏜ . . . ⏜ f_{n - 1}$ where each $f_{i} \in_{λ_{i}} (α_{i})$ . Under GCH we prove that if α < ω₂ then (i) $_{ω} (α) = s \in^{α} ω, ω ₁ : s (0) = ω$ ; (ii) if λ > cf(λ) = ω, $_{λ} (α) = s \in^{α} λ, λ ⁺ : s (0) = λ, s^{- 1} λ i s ω ₁ - c l o s e d i n α$ ; (iii) if cf(λ) = ω₁, $_{λ} (α) = s \in^{α} λ, λ ⁺ : s (0) = λ, s^{- 1} λ i s ω - c l o s e d a n d s u c c e s s o r - c l o s e d i n α$ ; (iv) if cf(λ) > ω₁, $_{λ} (α) =^{α} λ$ . This yields a complete characterization of the classes (α) for all...

On certain non-constructive properties of infinite-dimensional vector spaces

Eleftherios Tachtsis (2018)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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In set theory without the axiom of choice ( $AC$ ), we study certain non-constructive properties of infinite-dimensional vector spaces. Among several results, we establish the following: (i) None of the principles AC $^{LO}$ (AC for linearly ordered families of nonempty sets)—and hence AC $^{WO}$ (AC for well-ordered families of nonempty sets)— $DC (< κ)$ (where $κ$ is an uncountable regular cardinal), and “for every infinite set $X$ , there is a bijection $f : X \to {0, 1} \times X$ ”, implies the statement “there exists a field $F$ such that...

Definable orthogonality classes in accessible categories are small

Joan Bagaria, Carles Casacuberta, A. R. D. Mathias, Jiří Rosický (2015)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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We lower substantially the strength of the assumptions needed for the validity of certain results in category theory and homotopy theory which were known to follow from Vopěnka’s principle. We prove that the necessary large-cardinal hypotheses depend on the complexity of the formulas defining the given classes, in the sense of the Lévy hierarchy. For example, the statement that, for a class $𝒮$ of morphisms in a locally presentable category $𝒞$ of structures, the orthogonal class of objects...

Exponential domination in function spaces

Vladimir Vladimirovich Tkachuk (2020)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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Given a Tychonoff space $X$ and an infinite cardinal $κ$ , we prove that exponential $κ$ -domination in $X$ is equivalent to exponential $κ$ -cofinality of $C_{p} (X)$ . On the other hand, exponential $κ$ -cofinality of $X$ is equivalent to exponential $κ$ -domination in $C_{p} (X)$ . We show that every exponentially $κ$ -cofinal space $X$ has a $κ^{+}$ -small diagonal; besides, if $X$ is $κ$ -stable, then $n w (X) \leq κ$ . In particular, any compact exponentially $κ$ -cofinal space has weight not exceeding $κ$ . We also establish that any exponentially $κ$ -cofinal...

Cardinal invariants for κ-box products: weight, density character and Suslin number

W. W. Comfort, Ivan S. Gotchev

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The symbol ${(X_{I})}_{κ}$ (with κ ≥ ω) denotes the space $X_{I} : = \prod_{i \in I} X_{i}$ with the κ-box topology; this has as base all sets of the form $U = \prod_{i \in I} U_{i}$ with $U_{i}$ open in $X_{i}$ and with $| i \in I : U_{i} \neq X_{i} | < κ$ . The symbols w, d and S denote respectively the weight, density character and Suslin number. Generalizing familiar classical results, the authors show inter alia: Theorem 3.1.10(b). If κ ≤ α⁺, |I| = α and each $X_{i}$ contains the discrete space 0,1 and satisfies $w (X_{i}) \leq α$ , then $w (X_{κ}) = α^{< κ}$ . Theorem 4.3.2. If $ω \leq κ \leq | I | \leq 2^{α}$ and $X = {(D (α))}^{I}$ with D(α) discrete, |D(α)| = α, then $d ({(X_{I})}_{κ}) = α^{< κ}$ . Corollaries 5.2.32(a)...

On hereditary normality of $ω^{*}$ , Kunen points and character $ω_{1}$

Sergei Logunov (2021)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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We show that $ω^{*} ∖ {p}$ is not normal, if $p$ is a limit point of some countable subset of $ω^{*}$ , consisting of points of character $ω_{1}$ . Moreover, such a point $p$ is a Kunen point and a super Kunen point.

A new Lindelöf space with points $G_{δ}$

Alan S. Dow (2015)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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We prove that $♦^{*}$ implies there is a zero-dimensional Hausdorff Lindelöf space of cardinality $2^{ℵ_{1}}$ which has points $G_{δ}$ . In addition, this space has the property that it need not be Lindelöf after countably closed forcing.

Characterizing the powerset by a complete (Scott) sentence

Ioannis Souldatos (2013)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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This paper is part II of a study on cardinals that are characterizable by a Scott sentence, continuing previous work of the author. A cardinal κ is characterized by a Scott sentence $ϕ_{ℳ}$ if $ϕ_{ℳ}$ has a model of size κ, but no model of size κ⁺. The main question in this paper is the following: Are the characterizable cardinals closed under the powerset operation? We prove that if $ℵ_{β}$ is characterized by a Scott sentence, then $2^{ℵ_{β + β ₁}}$ is (homogeneously) characterized by a Scott sentence, for all 0 <...

Coloring Cantor sets and resolvability of pseudocompact spaces

István Juhász, Lajos Soukup, Zoltán Szentmiklóssy (2018)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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Let us denote by $Φ (λ, μ)$ the statement that $𝔹 (λ) = D {(λ)}^{ω}$ , i.e. the Baire space of weight $λ$ , has a coloring with $μ$ colors such that every homeomorphic copy of the Cantor set $ℂ$ in $𝔹 (λ)$ picks up all the $μ$ colors. We call a space $X$ $π$ -regular if it is Hausdorff and for every nonempty open set $U$ in $X$ there is a nonempty open set $V$ such that $\bar{V} \subset U$ . We recall that a space $X$ is called feebly compact if every locally finite collection of open sets in $X$ is finite. A Tychonov space is pseudocompact if and...

Selivanovski hard sets are hard

Janusz Pawlikowski (2015)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let $H \subseteq Z \subseteq 2^{ω}$ . For n ≥ 2, we prove that if Selivanovski measurable functions from $2^{ω}$ to Z give as preimages of H all Σₙ¹ subsets of $2^{ω}$ , then so do continuous injections.