Longer chains of idempotents in βG

Neil Hindman; Dona Strauss; Yevhen Zelenyuk

Displaying similar documents to “Longer chains of idempotents in βG”

Some model theory of SL(2,ℝ)

Jakub Gismatullin, Davide Penazzi, Anand Pillay (2015)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We study the action of G = SL(2,ℝ), viewed as a group definable in the structure M = (ℝ,+,×), on its type space $S_{G} (M)$ . We identify a minimal closed G-flow I and an idempotent r ∈ I (with respect to the Ellis semigroup structure * on $S_{G} (M)$ ). We also show that the “Ellis group” (r*I,*) is nontrivial, in fact it is the group with two elements, yielding a negative answer to a question of Newelski.

Acknowledgment to the paper: “Another proof that a chain of non-empty $H$ -closed subspaces has a non-empty intersection’

J. Mioduszewski (1971)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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Presentations for subsemigroups of $P D_{n}$

Abdullahi Umar (2019)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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Let $[n] = {1, ..., n}$ be an $n$ -chain. We give presentations for the following transformation semigroups: the semigroup of full order-decreasing mappings of $[n]$ , the semigroup of partial one-to-one order-decreasing mappings of $[n]$ , the semigroup of full order-preserving and order-decreasing mappings of $[n]$ , the semigroup of partial one-to-one order-preserving and order-decreasing mappings of $[n]$ , and the semigroup of partial order-preserving and order-decreasing mappings of $[n]$ .

An observation on spaces with a zeroset diagonal

Wei-Feng Xuan (2020)

Mathematica Bohemica

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We say that a space $X$ has the discrete countable chain condition (DCCC for short) if every discrete family of nonempty open subsets of $X$ is countable. A space $X$ has a zeroset diagonal if there is a continuous mapping $f : X^{2} \to [0, 1]$ with $Δ_{X} = f^{- 1} (0)$ , where $Δ_{X} = {(x, x) : x \in X}$ . In this paper, we prove that every first countable DCCC space with a zeroset diagonal has cardinality at most $𝔠$ .

Ordinal remainders of classical ψ-spaces

Alan Dow, Jerry E. Vaughan (2012)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let ω denote the set of natural numbers. We prove: for every mod-finite ascending chain $T_{α} : α < λ$ of infinite subsets of ω, there exists $ℳ \subset {[ω]}^{ω}$ , an infinite maximal almost disjoint family (MADF) of infinite subsets of the natural numbers, such that the Stone-Čech remainder βψ∖ψ of the associated ψ-space, ψ = ψ(ω,ℳ ), is homeomorphic to λ + 1 with the order topology. We also prove that for every λ < ⁺, where is the tower number, there exists a mod-finite ascending chain $T_{α} : α < λ$ , hence a ψ-space with...

On the K-theory of the $C^{*}$ -algebra generated by the left regular representation of an Ore semigroup

Joachim Cuntz, Siegfried Echterhoff, Xin Li (2015)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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We compute the $K$ -theory of $C^{*}$ -algebras generated by the left regular representation of left Ore semigroups satisfying certain regularity conditions. Our result describes the $K$ -theory of these semigroup $C^{*}$ -algebras in terms of the $K$ -theory for the reduced group $C^{*}$ -algebras of certain groups which are typically easier to handle. Then we apply our result to specific semigroups from algebraic number theory.

Fundamental relation onm-idempotent hyperrings

Morteza Norouzi, Irina Cristea (2017)

Open Mathematics

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The γ*-relation defined on a general hyperring R is the smallest strongly regular relation such that the quotient R/γ* is a ring. In this note we consider a particular class of hyperrings, where we define a new equivalence, called [...] εm∗ $ε_{m}^{*}$ , smaller than γ* and we prove it is the smallest strongly regular relation on such hyperrings such that the quotient R/ [...] εm∗ $ε_{m}^{*}$ is a ring. Moreover, we introduce the concept of m-idempotent hyperrings, show that they are a characterization for...

The algebra of the subspace semigroup of $M ₂ (_{q})$

Jan Okniński (2002)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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The semigroup $S = S (M ₂ (_{q}))$ of subspaces of the algebra $M ₂ (_{q})$ of 2 × 2 matrices over a finite field $_{q}$ is studied. The ideal structure of S, the regular -classes of S and the structure of the complex semigroup algebra ℂ[S] are described.

On semigroups with an infinitesimal operator

Jolanta Olko (2005)

Annales Polonici Mathematici

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Let $F^{t} : t \geq 0$ be an iteration semigroup of linear continuous set-valued functions. If the semigroup has an infinitesimal operator then it is a uniformly continuous semigroup majorized by an exponential semigroup. Moreover, for sufficiently small t every linear selection of $F^{t}$ is invertible and there exists an exponential semigroup $f^{t} : t \geq 0$ of linear continuous selections $f^{t}$ of $F^{t}$ .

On the continuity of the elements of the Ellis semigroup and other properties

Salvador García-Ferreira, Yackelin Rodríguez-López, Carlos Uzcátegui (2021)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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We consider discrete dynamical systems whose phase spaces are compact metrizable countable spaces. In the first part of the article, we study some properties that guarantee the continuity of all functions of the corresponding Ellis semigroup. For instance, if every accumulation point of $X$ is fixed, we give a necessary and sufficient condition on a point $a \in X^{'}$ in order that all functions of the Ellis semigroup $E (X, f)$ be continuous at the given point $a$ . In the second part, we consider transitive...

Convergence of orthogonal series of projections in Banach spaces

Ryszard Jajte, Adam Paszkiewicz (1997)

Annales Polonici Mathematici

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For a sequence $(A_{j})$ of mutually orthogonal projections in a Banach space, we discuss all possible limits of the sums $S_{n} = \sum_{j = 1}^{n} A_{j}$ in a “strong” sense. Those limits turn out to be some special idempotent operators (unbounded, in general). In the case of X = L₂(Ω,μ), an arbitrary unbounded closed and densely defined operator A in X may be the μ-almost sure limit of $S_{n}$ (i.e. $S_{n} f \to A f$ μ-a.e. for all f ∈ (A)).

Topologies on groups determined by right cancellable ultrafilters

Igor V. Protasov (2009)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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For every discrete group $G$ , the Stone-Čech compactification $β G$ of $G$ has a natural structure of a compact right topological semigroup. An ultrafilter $p \in G^{*}$ , where $G^{*} = β G ∖ G$ , is called right cancellable if, given any $q, r \in G^{*}$ , $q p = r p$ implies $q = r$ . For every right cancellable ultrafilter $p \in G^{*}$ , we denote by $G (p)$ the group $G$ endowed with the strongest left invariant topology in which $p$ converges to the identity of $G$ . For any countable group $G$ and any right cancellable ultrafilters $p, q \in G^{*}$ , we show that $G (p)$ is homeomorphic to $G (q)$ if...

On left $ϕ$ -biflat Banach algebras

Amir Sahami, Mehdi Rostami, Abdolrasoul Pourabbas (2020)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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We study the notion of left $ϕ$ -biflatness for Segal algebras and semigroup algebras. We show that the Segal algebra $S (G)$ is left $ϕ$ -biflat if and only if $G$ is amenable. Also we characterize left $ϕ$ -biflatness of semigroup algebra $l^{1} (S)$ in terms of biflatness, when $S$ is a Clifford semigroup.

Algebra in the superextensions of twinic groups

Taras Banakh, Volodymyr Gavrylkiv

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Given a group X we study the algebraic structure of the compact right-topological semigroup λ(X) consisting of all maximal linked systems on X. This semigroup contains the semigroup β(X) of ultrafilters as a closed subsemigroup. We construct a faithful representation of the semigroup λ(X) in the semigroup ${(X)}^{(X)}$ of all self-maps of the power-set (X) and show that the image of λ(X) in ${(X)}^{(X)}$ coincides with the semigroup $E n d_{λ} ((X))$ of all functions f: (X) → (X) that are equivariant, monotone and symmetric...

A local Landau type inequality for semigroup orbits

Gerd Herzog, Peer Christian Kunstmann (2014)

Studia Mathematica

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Given a strongly continuous semigroup ${(S (t))}_{t \geq 0}$ on a Banach space X with generator A and an element f ∈ D(A²) satisfying $| | S (t) f | | \leq e^{- ω t} | | f | |$ and $| | S (t) A ² f | | \leq e^{- ω t} | | A ² f | |$ for all t ≥ 0 and some ω > 0, we derive a Landau type inequality for ||Af|| in terms of ||f|| and ||A²f||. This inequality improves on the usual Landau inequality that holds in the case ω = 0.

On the central limit theorem for some birth and death processes

Tymoteusz Chojecki (2011)

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio A – Mathematica

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Suppose that ${X n : n \geq 0}$ is a stationary Markov chain and $V$ is a certain function on a phase space of the chain, called an observable. We say that the observable satisfies the central limit theorem (CLT) if $Y_{n} : = N^{- 1 / 2} \sum_{n = 0}^{N} V (X_{n})$ converge in law to a normal random variable, as $N \to + \infty$ . For a stationary Markov chain with the $L^{2}$ spectral gap the theorem holds for all $V$ such that $V (X_{0})$ is centered and square integrable, see Gordin [7]. The purpose of this article is to characterize a family of observables $V$ for which the CLT holds...

Spaces with star countable extent

A. D. Rojas-Sánchez, Angel Tamariz-Mascarúa (2016)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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For a topological property $P$ , we say that a space $X$ is star $P$ if for every open cover $𝒰$ of the space $X$ there exists $A \subset X$ such that $s t (A, 𝒰) = X$ . We consider space with star countable extent establishing the relations between the star countable extent property and the properties star Lindelöf and feebly Lindelöf. We describe some classes of spaces in which the star countable extent property is equivalent to either the Lindelöf property or separability. An example is given of a Tychonoff star Lindelöf...

On upper triangular nonnegative matrices

Yizhi Chen, Xian Zhong Zhao, Zhongzhu Liu (2015)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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We first investigate factorizations of elements of the semigroup $S$ of upper triangular matrices with nonnegative entries and nonzero determinant, provide a formula for $ρ (S)$ , and, given $A \in S$ , also provide formulas for $l (A)$ , $L (A)$ and $ρ (A)$ . As a consequence, open problem 2 and problem 4 presented in N. Baeth et al. (2011), are partly answered. Secondly, we study the semigroup of upper triangular matrices with only positive integral entries, compute some invariants of such semigroup, and also partly answer...