This paper studies the uniqueness of meromorphic functions $$f^n\prod _{i=1}^k{\left(f^{\left(i\right)}\right)}^{n_i}\text{and}{g}^n\prod _{i=1}^k{\left(g^{\left(i\right)}\right)}^{n_i}$$ that share two values, where $n,n_k,k\in \mathbb{N}$, $n_i\in \mathbb{N}\cup \left\{0\right\}$, $i=1,2,...,k-1$. The results significantly rectify, improve and generalize the results due to Cao and Zhang (2012).

Let $\Gamma$ be a non-pluripolar set in ${ℂ}^N$. Let $f$ be a function holomorphic in a connected open neighborhood $G$ of $\Gamma$. Let $\left\{P_n\right\}$ be a sequence of polynomials with $deg{P}_n\le d_n(d_n\<d_{n+1})$ such that $$\underset{n\to \infty }{lim\; sup}{|f\left(z\right)-P_n\left(z\right)|}^{1/d_n}\<1,z\in \Gamma .$$ We show that if $$\underset{n\to \infty }{lim\; sup}{\left|P_n\left(z\right)\right|}^{1/d_n}\le 1,z\in E,$$ where $E$ is a set in ${ℂ}^N$ such that the global extremal function $V_E\equiv 0$ in ${ℂ}^N$, then the maximal domain of existence $G_f$ of $f$ is one-sheeted, and $$\underset{n\to \infty }{lim\; sup}{\parallel f-P_n\parallel }_K^{\frac{1}{d_n}}\<1$$ for every compact set $K\subset G_f$. If, moreover, the sequence $\{d_{n+1}/d_n\}$ is bounded then $G_f={ℂ}^N$. If $E$ is a closed...

Consider the difference equation $$\Delta x\left(n\right)+\sum _{i=1}^m{p}_i\left(n\right)x\left({\tau }_i\left(n\right)\right)=0,n\ge 0\left[\nabla x\left(n\right)-\sum _{i=1}^m{p}_i\left(n\right)x\left({\sigma }_i\left(n\right)\right)=0,n\ge 1\right],$$ where $\left(p_i\left(n\right)\right)$, $1\le i\le m$ are sequences of nonnegative real numbers, ${\tau }_i\left(n\right)$ [${\sigma }_i\left(n\right)$], $1\le i\le m$ are general retarded (advanced) arguments and $\Delta$ [$\nabla$] denotes the forward (backward) difference operator $\Delta x\left(n\right)=x(n+1)-x\left(n\right)$ [$\nabla x\left(n\right)=x\left(n\right)-x(n-1)$]. New oscillation criteria are established when the well-known oscillation conditions $$\underset{n\to \infty }{lim\; sup}\sum _{i=1}^m\sum _{j=\tau \left(n\right)}^n{p}_i\left(j\right)>1\left[\underset{n\to \infty }{lim\; sup}\sum _{i=1}^m\sum _{j=n}^{\sigma \left(n\right)}{p}_i\left(j\right)>1\right]$$ and $$\underset{n\to \infty }{lim\; inf}\sum _{i=1}^m\sum _{j={\tau }_i\left(n\right)}^{n-1}{p}_i\left(j\right)>\frac{1}{\mathrm{e}}\left[\underset{n\to \infty }{lim\; inf}\sum _{i=1}^m\sum _{j=n+1}^{{\sigma }_i\left(n\right)}{p}_i\left(j\right)>\frac{1}{\mathrm{e}}\right]$$ are not satisfied. Here $\tau \left(n\right)={max}_{1\le i\le m}{\tau }_i\left(n\right)$ $[\sigma \left(n\right)={min}_{1\le i\le m}{\sigma }_i\left(n\right)]$. The results obtained essentially improve known results in the literature. Examples illustrating the results are also given.

Various techniques are presented for constructing $\Lambda$ (p) sets which are not $\Lambda (p+ϵ)$ for all $ϵ\>0$. The main result is that there is a $\Lambda$ (4) set in the dual of any compact abelian group which is not $\Lambda (4+ϵ)$ for all $ϵ\>0$. Along the way to proving this, new constructions are given in dual groups in which constructions were already known of $\Lambda$ (p) not $\Lambda (p+ϵ)$ sets, for certain values of $p$. The main new constructions in specific dual groups are: – there is a $\Lambda$ (2k) set which is not $\Lambda (2k+ϵ)$ in $\mathbf{Z}\left(2\right)\oplus \mathbf{Z}\left(2\right)\oplus \cdots$ for all $2\le k$, $k\in \mathbf{N}$ and...

The goal of this article is to associate a $p$-adic analytic function to the Euler constants ${\gamma }_p(a,F)$, study the properties of these functions in the neighborhood of $s=1$ and introduce a $p$-adic analogue of the infinite sum ${\sum }_{n\ge 1}f\left(n\right)/n$ for an algebraic valued, periodic function $f$. After this, we prove the theorem of Baker, Birch and Wirsing in this setup and discuss irrationality results associated to $p$-adic Euler constants generalising the earlier known results in this direction. Finally, we define and prove...

Firstly we study the growth of meromorphic solutions of linear difference equation of the form$$A_k\left(z\right)f(z+c_k)+\cdots +A_1\left(z\right)f(z+c_1)+A_0\left(z\right)f\left(z\right)=F\left(z\right),$$ where $A_k\left(z\right),...,A_0\left(z\right)$ and $F\left(z\right)$ are meromorphic functions of finite logarithmic order, $c_i$ $(i=1,...,k,k\in \mathbb{N})$ are distinct nonzero complex constants. Secondly, we deal with the growth of solutions of differential-difference equation of the form $$\sum _{i=0}^n\sum _{j=0}^m{A}_{ij}\left(z\right)f^{\left(j\right)}(z+c_i)=F\left(z\right),$$ where $A_{ij}\left(z\right)$ $(i=0,1,...,n,j=0,1,...,m,n,m\in \mathbb{N})$ and $F\left(z\right)$ are meromorphic functions of finite logarithmic order, $c_i$ $(i=0,...,n)$ are distinct complex constants. We extend some previous results...

We study a family of quasi periodic $p$-adic Ruban continued fractions in the $p$-adic field ${\mathbb{Q}}_p$ and we give a criterion of a quadratic or transcendental $p$-adic number which based on the $p$-adic version of the subspace theorem due to Schlickewei.

Let $M$ be a free module over a noetherian ring. For ${\omega }_1,...,{\omega }_k\in M$, let $𝒜$ be the ideal generated by coefficients of ${\omega }_1\wedge ...\wedge {\omega }_k$. For an element $\omega \in {\bigwedge }^{p}M$ with $p\<\mathrm{prof}.𝒜$, if $\omega \wedge {\omega }_1\wedge ...\wedge {\omega }_k=0$, there exists ${\eta }_1,...,{\eta }_k\in {\bigwedge }^{p-1}M$ such that $\omega ={\sum }_{i=1}^k{\eta }_i\wedge {\omega }_i$. This is a generalization of a lemma on the division of forms due to de Rham (Comment. Math. Helv., 28 (1954)) and has some applications to the study of singularities.