Dedekind-Endlichkeit und Wohlordenbarkeit.
A definition of finiteness is a set-theoretical property of a set that, if the Axiom of Choice (AC) is assumed, is equivalent to stating that the set is finite; several such definitions have been studied over the years. In this article we introduce a framework for generating definitions of finiteness in a systematical way: basic definitions are obtained from properties of certain classes of binary relations, and further definitions are obtained from the basic ones by closing them under subsets...
We investigate the relative consistency and independence of statements which imply the existence of various kinds of dense orders, including dense linear orders. We study as well the relationship between these statements and others involving partition properties. Since we work in ZF (i.e. without the Axiom of Choice), we also analyze the role that some weaker forms of AC play in this context
We show that it is consistent with ZF that there is a dense-in-itself compact metric space which has the countable chain condition (ccc), but is neither separable nor second countable. It is also shown that has an open dense subspace which is not paracompact and that in ZF the Principle of Dependent Choice, DC, does not imply the disjoint union of metrizable spaces is normal.