In the present paper we construct the accompanying identity of a given quasigroup identity . After that we deduce the main result: is isotopically invariant (i.e., for every guasigroup it holds that if is satisfied in then is satisfied in every quasigroup isotopic to ) if and only if it is equivalent to (i.e., for every quasigroup it holds that in either are both satisfied or both not).
It is proved that if a finite abelian group is factored into a direct product of lacunary cyclic subsets, then at least one of the factors must be periodic. This result generalizes Hajós's factorization theorem.
This article presents the principal results of the Ph.D. thesis Investigation and classification of doubly resolvable designs by Stela Zhelezova (Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, BAS), successfully defended at the Specialized Academic Council for Informatics and Mathematical Modeling on 22 February 2010.The resolvability of combinatorial designs is intensively investigated because of its applications. This research focuses on resolvable designs with an additional property - they have resolutions...
In this paper we address the two-dimensional knapsack problem with unloading constraints: we have a bin B, and a list L of n rectangular items, each item with a class value in {1,...,C}. The problem is to pack a subset of L into B, maximizing the total profit of packed items, where the packing must satisfy the unloading constraint: while removing one item a, items with higher class values can not block a. We present a (4 + ϵ)-approximation algorithm when the bin is a square. We also present (3 + ϵ)-approximation...