If n, t are natural numbers, μ is an infinite cardinal, G is an n-chromatic graph of cardinality at most μ, then there is a graph X with , |X| = μ⁺, such that every subgraph of X of cardinality < t is n-colorable.
It is consistent that there exists a graph X of cardinality such that every graph has an edge coloring with colors in which the induced copies of X (if there are any) are totally multicolored (get all possible colors).
The purpose of this article is to connect the notion of the amenability of a discrete group with a new form of structural Ramsey theory. The Ramsey-theoretic reformulation of amenability constitutes a considerable weakening of the Følner criterion. As a by-product, it will be shown that in any non-amenable group G, there is a subset E of G such that no finitely additive probability measure on G measures all translates of E equally. The analysis of discrete groups will be generalized to the setting...
Moore [Fund. Math. 220 (2013)] characterizes the amenability of the automorphism groups of countable ultrahomogeneous structures by a Ramsey-type property. We extend this result to the automorphism groups of metric Fraïssé structures, which encompass all Polish groups. As an application, we prove that amenability is a condition.