Terme général d'une série quelconque déterminée à la façon des séries récurrentes
It is shown that for a given squarefree positive integer D, the equation of the title has no solutions in integers x > 0, m > 0, n ≥ 3 and y odd, nor unless D ≡ 14 (mod 16) in integers x > 0, m = 0, n ≥ 3, y > 0, provided in each case that n does not divide the class number of the imaginary quadratic field containing √(-2D), except for a small number of (stated) exceptions.
By using a generating function approach it is shown that the sum-of-digits function (related to specific finite and infinite linear recurrences) satisfies a central limit theorem. Additionally a local limit theorem is derived.
We give explicit non-recursive formulas to compute the Josephus-numbers and and explicit upper and lower bounds for (where ) which differ by (for the bounds are even better). Furthermore we present a new fast algorithm to calculate which is based upon the mentioned bounds.