On monochromatic solutions of equations in groups.
Let G be an additive finite abelian group. For every positive integer ℓ, let be the smallest positive integer t such that each sequence S over G of length |S| ≥ t has a nonempty zero-sum subsequence of length not equal to ℓ. In this paper, we determine for certain finite groups, including cyclic groups, the groups and elementary abelian 2-groups. Following Girard, we define disc(G) as the smallest positive integer t such that every sequence S over G with |S| ≥ t has nonempty zero-sum subsequences...
For m = 3,4,... those pₘ(x) = (m-2)x(x-1)/2 + x with x ∈ ℤ are called generalized m-gonal numbers. Sun (2015) studied for what values of positive integers a,b,c the sum ap₅ + bp₅ + cp₅ is universal over ℤ (i.e., any n ∈ ℕ = 0,1,2,... has the form ap₅(x) + bp₅(y) + cp₅(z) with x,y,z ∈ ℤ). We prove that p₅ + bp₅ + 3p₅ (b = 1,2,3,4,9) and p₅ + 2p₅ + 6p₅ are universal over ℤ, as conjectured by Sun. Sun also conjectured that any n ∈ ℕ can be written as and 3p₃(x) + p₅(y) + p₇(z) with x,y,z ∈ ℕ; in...
The purpose of this paper is to investigate efficient representations of the residue classes modulo , by performing sum and product set operations starting from a given subset of . We consider the case of very small sets and composite for which not much seemed known (nontrivial results were recently obtained when is prime or when log ). Roughly speaking we show that all residue classes are obtained from a -fold sum of an -fold product set of , where and , provided the residue sets...
We give a simple argument that for any finite set of complex numbers , the size of the the sum-set, , or the product-set, , is always large.