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Definability within structures related to Pascal’s triangle modulo an integer

Alexis Bès, Ivan Korec (1998)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

Let Sq denote the set of squares, and let S Q n be the squaring function restricted to powers of n; let ⊥ denote the coprimeness relation. Let B n ( x , y ) = ( x + y x ) M O D n . For every integer n ≥ 2 addition and multiplication are definable in the structures ⟨ℕ; Bn,⊥⟩ and ⟨ℕ; Bn,Sq⟩; thus their elementary theories are undecidable. On the other hand, for every prime p the elementary theory of ⟨ℕ; Bp,SQp⟩ is decidable.

Diophantine Undecidability of Holomorphy Rings of Function Fields of Characteristic 0

Laurent Moret-Bailly, Alexandra Shlapentokh (2009)

Annales de l’institut Fourier

Let K be a one-variable function field over a field of constants of characteristic 0. Let R be a holomorphy subring of K , not equal to K . We prove the following undecidability results for R : if K is recursive, then Hilbert’s Tenth Problem is undecidable in R . In general, there exist x 1 , ... , x n ∈ R such that there is no algorithm to tell whether a polynomial equation with coefficients in ℚ ( x 1 , ... , x n ) has solutions in R .

Division-ample sets and the Diophantine problem for rings of integers

Gunther Cornelissen, Thanases Pheidas, Karim Zahidi (2005)

Journal de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux

We prove that Hilbert’s Tenth Problem for a ring of integers in a number field K has a negative answer if K satisfies two arithmetical conditions (existence of a so-called division-ample set of integers and of an elliptic curve of rank one over K ). We relate division-ample sets to arithmetic of abelian varieties.

Extensions of Büchi's problem: Questions of decidability for addition and kth powers

Thanases Pheidas, Xavier Vidaux (2005)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

We generalize a question of Büchi: Let R be an integral domain, C a subring and k ≥ 2 an integer. Is there an algorithm to decide the solvability in R of any given system of polynomial equations, each of which is linear in the kth powers of the unknowns, with coefficients in C? We state a number-theoretical problem, depending on k, a positive answer to which would imply a negative answer to the question for R = C = ℤ. We reduce a negative answer for k = 2 and for...

The cyclicity problem for the images of Q-rational series

Juha Honkala (2011)

RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications - Informatique Théorique et Applications

We show that it is decidable whether or not a given Q-rational series in several noncommutative variables has a cyclic image. By definition, a series r has a cyclic image if there is a rational number q such that all nonzero coefficients of r are integer powers of q.

The cyclicity problem for the images of Q-rational series

Juha Honkala (2012)

RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications

We show that it is decidable whether or not a given Q-rational series in several noncommutative variables has a cyclic image. By definition, a series r has a cyclic image if there is a rational number q such that all nonzero coefficients of r are integer powers of q.

The minimal resultant locus

Robert Rumely (2015)

Acta Arithmetica

Let K be a complete, algebraically closed nonarchimedean valued field, and let φ(z) ∈ K(z) have degree d ≥ 2. We study how the resultant of φ varies under changes of coordinates. For γ ∈ GL₂(K), we show that the map γ ↦ o r d ( R e s ( φ γ ) ) factors through a function o r d R e s φ ( · ) on the Berkovich projective line, which is piecewise affine and convex up. The minimal resultant is achieved either at a single point in P ¹ K , or on a segment, and the minimal resultant locus is contained in the tree in P ¹ K spanned by the fixed points and poles...

The positivity problem for fourth order linear recurrence sequences is decidable

Pinthira Tangsupphathawat, Narong Punnim, Vichian Laohakosol (2012)

Colloquium Mathematicae

The problem whether each element of a sequence satisfying a fourth order linear recurrence with integer coefficients is nonnegative, referred to as the Positivity Problem for fourth order linear recurrence sequence, is shown to be decidable.

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