A remark on Ax's theorem on solvability modulo primes.
(1) Shepherdson proved that a discrete unitary commutative semi-ring A+ satisfies IE0 (induction scheme restricted to quantifier free formulas) iff A is integral part of a real closed field; and Berarducci asked about extensions of this criterion when exponentiation is added to the language of rings. Let T range over axiom systems for ordered fields with exponentiation; for three values of T we provide a theory in the language of rings plus exponentiation such that the ...
A long-standing conjecture of Podewski states that every minimal field is algebraically closed. Known in positive characteristic, it remains wide open in characteristic zero. We reduce Podewski's conjecture to the (partially) ordered case, and we conjecture that such fields do not exist. We prove the conjecture in case the incomparability relation is transitive (the almost linear case). We also study minimal groups with a (partial) order, and give a complete classification of...