We develop a new combinatorial method to deal with a degree estimate for subalgebras generated by two elements in different environments. We obtain a lower bound for the degree of the elements in two-generated subalgebras of a free associative algebra over a field of zero characteristic. We also reproduce a somewhat refined degree estimate of Shestakov and Umirbaev for the polynomial algebra, which plays an essential role in the recent celebrated solution of the Nagata conjecture and the strong...

Let ${\Delta }_{n,d}$ (resp. ${\Delta }_{n,d}^{\text{'}}$) be the simplicial complex and the facet ideal $I_{n,d}=(x_1\cdots x_d,x_{d-k+1}\cdots x_{2d-k},...,x_{n-d+1}\cdots x_n)$ (resp. $J_{n,d}=(x_1\cdots x_d,x_{d-k+1}\cdots x_{2d-k},...,x_{n-2d+2k+1}\cdots x_{n-d+2k},x_{n-d+k+1}\cdots x_n{x}_1\cdots x_k)$). When $d\ge 2k+1$, we give the exact formulas to compute the depth and Stanley depth of quotient rings $S/J_{n,d}$ and $S/I_{n,d}^t$ for all $t\ge 1$. When $d=2k$, we compute the depth and Stanley depth of quotient rings $S/J_{n,d}$ and $S/I_{n,d}$, and give lower bounds for the depth and Stanley depth of quotient rings $S/I_{n,d}^t$ for all $t\ge 1$.

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11T06, 13P10.A theorem of S.D. Cohen gives a characterization for Dickson polynomials of the second kind that permutes the elements of a finite field of cardinality the square of the characteristic. Here, a different proof is presented for this result.Research supported by the CERES program of the Ministry of Education, Research and Youth, contract nr. 39/2002.

Equivariant tree models are statistical models used in the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from genetic data. Here equivariant§ refers to a symmetry group imposed on the root distribution and on the transition matrices in the model. We prove that if that symmetry group is Abelian, then the Zariski closures of these models are defined by polynomial equations of bounded degree, independent of the tree. Moreover, we show that there exists a polynomial-time membership test for that Zariski closure....

We show that non-flatness of a morphism φ:X→ Y of complex-analytic spaces with a locally irreducible target of dimension n manifests in the existence of vertical components in the n-fold fibred power of the pull-back of φ to the desingularization of Y. An algebraic analogue follows: Let R be a locally (analytically) irreducible finite type ℂ-algebra and an integral domain of Krull dimension n, and let S be a regular n-dimensional algebra of finite type over R (but not necessarily a finite R-module),...

This paper deals with the notion of Gröbner δ-base for some rings of linear differential operators by adapting the works of W. Trinks, A. Assi, M. Insa and F. Pauer. We compare this notion with the one of Gröbner base for such rings. As an application we give some results on finiteness and on flatness of finitely generated left modules over these rings.

In this paper we prove that the projective dimension of ${ℳ}_n=R^4/⟨A_n⟩$ is $2n-1$, where $R$ is the ring of polynomials in $4n$ variables with complex coefficients, and $⟨A_n⟩$ is the module generated by the columns of a $4\times 4n$ matrix which arises as the Fourier transform of the matrix of differential operators associated with the regularity condition for a function of $n$ quaternionic variables. As a corollary we show that the sheaf $ℛ$ of regular functions has flabby dimension $2n-1$, and we prove a cohomology vanishing theorem for open...