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On the Delta set of a singular arithmetical congruence monoid

Paul Baginski, Scott T. Chapman, George J. Schaeffer (2008)

Journal de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux

If a and b are positive integers with a b and a 2 a mod b , then the set M a , b = { x : x a mod b or x = 1 } is a multiplicative monoid known as an arithmetical congruence monoid (or ACM). For any monoid M with units M × and any x M M × we say that t is a factorization length of x if and only if there exist irreducible elements y 1 , ... , y t of M and x = y 1 y t . Let ( x ) = { t 1 , ... , t j } be the set of all such lengths (where t i < t i + 1 whenever i < j ). The Delta-set of the element x is defined as the set of gaps in ( x ) : Δ ( x ) = { t i + 1 - t i : 1 i < k } and the Delta-set of the monoid M is given by x M M × Δ ( x ) . We consider the Δ ( M ) when M = M a , b is an ACM with...

On the graph labellings arising from phylogenetics

Weronika Buczyńska, Jarosław Buczyński, Kaie Kubjas, Mateusz Michałek (2013)

Open Mathematics

We study semigroups of labellings associated to a graph. These generalise the Jukes-Cantor model and phylogenetic toric varieties defined in [Buczynska W., Phylogenetic toric varieties on graphs, J. Algebraic Combin., 2012, 35(3), 421–460]. Our main theorem bounds the degree of the generators of the semigroup by g + 1 when the graph has first Betti number g. Also, we provide a series of examples where the bound is sharp.

On the maximal subsemigroups of the semigroup of all monotone transformations

Iliya Gyudzhenov, Ilinka Dimitrova (2006)

Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications

In this paper we consider the semigroup Mₙ of all monotone transformations on the chain Xₙ under the operation of composition of transformations. First we give a presentation of the semigroup Mₙ and some propositions connected with its structure. Also, we give a description and some properties of the class J ̃ n - 1 of all monotone transformations with rank n-1. After that we characterize the maximal subsemigroups of the semigroup Mₙ and the subsemigroups of Mₙ which are maximal in J ̃ n - 1 .

On the saturated numerical semigroups

Sedat Ilhan, Meral Süer (2016)

Open Mathematics

In this study, we characterize all families of saturated numerical semigroups with multiplicity four. We also present some results about invariants of these semigroups.

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