O některých vlastnostech lineárních diferenciálních rovnic
The article is a survey on problem of the theorem of Hurwitz. The starting point of explanations is Schur's decomposition theorem for polynomials. It is showed how to obtain the well-known criteria on the distribution of roots of polynomials. The theorem on uniqueness of constants in Schur's decomposition seems to be new.
We provide an effective uniform upper bound for the number of zeros of the first non-vanishing Melnikov function of a polynomial perturbations of a planar polynomial Hamiltonian vector field. The bound depends on degrees of the field and of the perturbation, and on the order of the Melnikov function. The generic case was considered by Binyamini, Novikov and Yakovenko [BNY10]. The bound follows from an effective construction of the Gauss-Manin connection for iterated integrals.