The problem of topological classification is fundamental in the study of dynamical systems. However, when we consider systems without well-posedness, it is unclear how to generalize the notion of equivalence. For example, when a system has trajectories distinguished only by parametrization, we cannot apply the usual definition of equivalence based on the phase space, which presupposes the uniqueness of trajectories. In this study, we formulate a notion of “topological equivalence” using the axiomatic...