Commentary on Lévy's lecture notes to the Ecole Polytechnique (1919).
Condorcet and Borda in 1784. Misfits and documents.
Condorcet's theory of voting
Condorcet believed that the purpose of voting is to make a choice that is “best” for society. According to his view, there is one choice that is objectively best, another that is second-best, and so forth. Unfortunately, voters sometimes make mistakes ; they misperceive what is best. In designing a voting rule, therefore, the objective should be to choose the alternative that is most likely to be best. Condorcet solved this problem using a form of maximum likelihood estimation. The procedure that...
Controversy in case of the interpretation of a probabilistic theorem of Nicole Oresme. (À propos d'une controverse au sujet de l'interprétation d'un théorème “probabiliste” de Nicole Oresme.)