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From computing with numbers to computing with words - From manipulation of measurements to manipulation of perceptions

Lotfi Zadeh (2002)

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

Computing, in its usual sense, is centered on manipulation of numbers and symbols. In contrast, computing with words, or CW for short, is a methodology in which the objects of computation are words and propositions drawn from a natural language, e.g., small, large, far, heavy, not very likely, the price of gas is low and declining, Berkeley is near San Francisco, it is very unlikely that there will be a significant increase in the price of oil in the near future, etc. Computing with words is inspired...

From ignorance to uncertainty: a conceptual analysis

Pietro Baroni, Giovanni Guida, Silvano Mussi (1998)

Kybernetika

This paper aims to develop an analysis of how ignorance affects the reasoning activity and is related to the concept of uncertainty. With reference to a simple inferential reasoning step, involving a single piece of relational knowledge, we identify four types of ignorance and show how they give rise to different types of uncertainty. We then introduce the concept of reasoning attitude, as a basic choice about how reasoning should be carried out in presence of ignorance. We identify two general...

Fuzzy approach for data association in image tracking.

Julio García, José Manuel Molina, Juan Alberto Besada, Javier I. Portillo (2003)

Mathware and Soft Computing

A fuzzy system has been developed to ponder update decisions both for the trajectories and shapes estimated for targets. It is embedded in an A-SMGCS Surveillance function for airport surface, based on video data processing, in charge of the automatic detection, identification and tracking of all interesting targets (aircraft and relevant ground vehicles). The tracking system captures a sequence of images, preprocesses them to extract the moving regions (blobs), and associates the blobs to tracks...

Fuzzy approximation relations, modal structures and possibilistic logic.

Francesc Esteva, Pere García, Lluis. Godo, Ricardo O. Rodríguez (1998)

Mathware and Soft Computing

The paper introduces a general axiomatic notion of approximation mapping, a mapping that associates to each crisp proposition p a fuzzy set representing approximately p. It is shown how it can be obtained through fuzzy relations, which are at least reflexive. We study the corresponding multi-modal systems depending on the properties satisfied by the approximate relation. Finally, we show some equivalences between possibilistic logical consequences and global/local logical consequences in the multi-modal...

Fuzzy decision trees to help flexible querying

Christophe Marsala (2000)

Kybernetika

Fuzzy data mining by means of the fuzzy decision tree method enables the construction of a set of fuzzy rules. Such a rule set can be associated with a database as a knowledge base that can be used to help answering frequent queries. In this paper, a study is done that enables us to show that classification by means of a fuzzy decision tree is equivalent to the generalized modus ponens. Moreover, it is shown that the decision taken by means of a fuzzy decision tree is more stable when observation...

Fuzzy grammatical inference using neural network.

Armando Blanco, A. Delgado, M. Carmen Pegalajar (1998)

Mathware and Soft Computing

We have shown a model of fuzzy neural network that is able to infer the relations associated to the transitions of a fuzzy automaton from a fuzzy examples set. Neural network is trained by a backpropagation of error based in a smooth derivative [1]. Once network has been trained the fuzzy relations associated to the transitions of the automaton are found encoded in the weights.

Fuzzy inference using a least square model.

Humberto Bustince, M. Calderón, Victoria Mohedano (1998)

Mathware and Soft Computing

In this paper, the method of least squares is applied to the fuzzy inference rules. We begin studying the conditions in which from a fuzzy set we can build another through the method of least squares. Then we apply this technique in order to evaluate the conclusions of the generalized modus ponens. We present different theorems and examples that demonstrate the fundamental advantages of the method studied.

Fuzzy weighted average as a fuzzified aggregation operator and its properties

Ondřej Pavlačka, Martina Pavlačková, Vladislav Hetfleiš (2017)

Kybernetika

The weighted average is a well-known aggregation operator that is widely applied in various mathematical models. It possesses some important properties defined for aggregation operators, like monotonicity, continuity, idempotency, etc., that play an important role in practical applications. In the paper, we reveal whether and in which way such properties can be observed also for the fuzzy weighted average operator where the weights as well as the weighted values are expressed by noninteractive fuzzy...

Fuzzy XML queries via context-based choice of aggregations

Ernesto Damiani, Letizia Tanca, Francesca Arcelli Fontana (2000)

Kybernetika

A flexible query model is presented for semi-structured information stored in well-formed XML documents, modeled as XML fuzzy graphs by computing estimates of the importance of the information associated to XML elements and attributes. The notion of fuzzy graph closure with threshold is then used to obtain a fuzzy extension of the XML fuzzy graphs’ topological structure. Weights associated to closure arcs are computed as a conjunction of the importance values of the underlying arcs in the original...

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