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Priority, parallel discovery, and pre-eminence Napier, Bürgi and the early history of the logarithm relation

Kathleen M. Clark, Clemency Montelle (2012)

Revue d'histoire des mathématiques

There has never been any doubt as to the importance of the logarithm, a mathematical relation whose usefulness has persisted in different aspects to the present day. Within years of their introduction, logarithms became indispensable for mathematicians, astronomers, navigators, and geographers alike. The question of their origins, however, is more contentious. At least two scholars, the Scottish nobleman John Napier and the Swiss craftsman Jost Bürgi, simultaneously and independently produced proposals...

Probabilités et philosophie des mathématiques chez Cournot

Thierry Martin (1995)

Revue d'histoire des mathématiques

L’article se propose de montrer comment, en 1843, Cournot s’efforce de répondre à la crise des fondements qui ébranle le calcul des probabilités, en lui assignant le statut d’une théorie mathématique pure et en distinguant les significations objective et subjective de la probabilité, afin de mesurer la portée de ses applications. On est alors conduit à interroger la représentation proposée par Cournot des mathématiques et de leur rapport au réel, pour mettre à jour la relation qui unit son projet...

Problems of Method in Levi-Civita’s Contributions to Hydrodynamics

Pietro Nastasi, Rossana Tazzioli (2006)

Revue d'histoire des mathématiques

Levi-Civita made important contributions to hydrodynamics: he solved D’Alembert’s paradox, introduced the “wake hypothesis”, deduced the general integral of any plane motion involving a wake, and gave a rigorous proof of the existence of the irrotational wave in a canal of finite depth. In this paper, we investigate Levi-Civita’s results in this area, and connect them to the methods of the new theory of integral equations. Finally, we give some information on Levi-Civita’s students. In our paper,...

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