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A geometric approach to universal quasigroup identities

Václav J. Havel (1993)

Archivum Mathematicum

In the present paper we construct the accompanying identity I ^ of a given quasigroup identity I . After that we deduce the main result: I is isotopically invariant (i.e., for every guasigroup Q it holds that if I is satisfied in Q then I is satisfied in every quasigroup isotopic to Q ) if and only if it is equivalent to I ^ (i.e., for every quasigroup Q it holds that in Q either I , I ^ are both satisfied or both not).

A graph associated to proper non-small ideals of a commutative ring

S. Ebrahimi Atani, S. Dolati Pish Hesari, M. Khoramdel (2017)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

In this paper, a new kind of graph on a commutative ring is introduced and investigated. Small intersection graph of a ring R , denoted by G ( R ) , is a graph with all non-small proper ideals of R as vertices and two distinct vertices I and J are adjacent if and only if I J is not small in R . In this article, some interrelation between the graph theoretic properties of this graph and some algebraic properties of rings are studied. We investigated the basic properties of the small intersection graph as diameter,...

A graph-based estimator of the number of clusters

Gérard Biau, Benoît Cadre, Bruno Pelletier (2007)

ESAIM: Probability and Statistics

Assessing the number of clusters of a statistical population is one of the essential issues of unsupervised learning. Given n independent observations X1,...,Xn drawn from an unknown multivariate probability density f, we propose a new approach to estimate the number of connected components, or clusters, of the t-level set ( t ) = { x : f ( x ) t } . The basic idea is to form a rough skeleton of the set ( t ) using any preliminary estimator of f, and to count the number of connected components of the resulting graph. Under...

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