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Kernels in monochromatic path digraphs

Hortensia Galeana-Sánchez, Laura Pastrana Ramírez, Hugo Alberto Rincón Mejía (2005)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

We call the digraph D an m-coloured digraph if its arcs are coloured with m colours. A directed path (or a directed cycle) is called monochromatic if all of its arcs are coloured alike. Let D be an m-coloured digraph. A set N ⊆ V(D) is said to be a kernel by monochromatic paths if it satisfies the following two conditions: (i) for every pair of different vertices u,v ∈ N there is no monochromatic directed path between them and (ii) for each vertex x ∈ (V(D)-N) there...

Kernels in the closure of coloured digraphs

Hortensia Galeana-Sánchez, José de Jesús García-Ruvalcaba (2000)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

Let D be a digraph with V(D) and A(D) the sets of vertices and arcs of D, respectively. A kernel of D is a set I ⊂ V(D) such that no arc of D joins two vertices of I and for each x ∈ V(D)∖I there is a vertex y ∈ I such that (x,y) ∈ A(D). A digraph is kernel-perfect if every non-empty induced subdigraph of D has a kernel. If D is edge coloured, we define the closure ξ(D) of D the multidigraph with V(ξ(D)) = V(D) and A ( ξ ( D ) ) = ⋃ i ( u , v ) w i t h c o l o u r i t h e r e e x i s t s a m o n o c h r o m a t i c p a t h o f c o l o u r i f r o m t h e v e r t e x u t o t h e v e r t e x v c o n t a i n e d i n D . Let T₃ and C₃ denote the transitive tournament of order 3 and the 3-cycle, respectively,...

Kikkawa loops and homogeneous loops

Michihiko Kikkawa (2004)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

In H. Kiechle's publication ``Theory of K-loops'' [3], the name Kikkawa loops is given to symmetric loops introduced by the author in 1973. This concept started from an analogical imagination of sum of vectors in Euclidean space brought up on a sphere. In 1975, this concept was extended by him to the more general concept of homogeneous loops, and it led us to a non-associative generalization of the theory of Lie groups. In this article, the backstage of finding these concepts will be disclosed from...

k-independence stable graphs upon edge removal

Mustapha Chellali, Teresa W. Haynes, Lutz Volkmann (2010)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

Let k be a positive integer and G = (V(G),E(G)) a graph. A subset S of V(G) is a k-independent set of G if the subgraph induced by the vertices of S has maximum degree at most k-1. The maximum cardinality of a k-independent set of G is the k-independence number βₖ(G). A graph G is called β¯ₖ-stable if βₖ(G-e) = βₖ(G) for every edge e of E(G). First we give a necessary and sufficient condition for β¯ₖ-stable graphs. Then we establish four equivalent conditions for β¯ₖ-stable trees.

Kings in Tournaments

Vojislav Petrovic (1995)

Πανελλήνιο Συνέδριο Μαθηματικής Παιδείας

k-Kernels and some operations in digraphs

Hortensia Galeana-Sanchez, Laura Pastrana (2009)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

Let D be a digraph. V(D) denotes the set of vertices of D; a set N ⊆ V(D) is said to be a k-kernel of D if it satisfies the following two conditions: for every pair of different vertices u,v ∈ N it holds that every directed path between them has length at least k and for every vertex x ∈ V(D)-N there is a vertex y ∈ N such that there is an xy-directed path of length at most k-1. In this paper, we consider some operations on digraphs and prove the existence of k-kernels in digraphs formed by these...

k-kernels in generalizations of transitive digraphs

Hortensia Galeana-Sánchez, César Hernández-Cruz (2011)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

Let D be a digraph, V(D) and A(D) will denote the sets of vertices and arcs of D, respectively. A (k,l)-kernel N of D is a k-independent set of vertices (if u,v ∈ N, u ≠ v, then d(u,v), d(v,u) ≥ k) and l-absorbent (if u ∈ V(D)-N then there exists v ∈ N such that d(u,v) ≤ l). A k-kernel is a (k,k-1)-kernel. Quasi-transitive, right-pretransitive and left-pretransitive digraphs are generalizations of transitive digraphs. In this paper the following results are proved: Let D be a...

KP-digraphs and CKI-digraphs satisfying the k-Meyniel's condition

H. Galeana-Sánchez, V. Neumann-Lara (1996)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

A digraph D is said to satisfy the k-Meyniel's condition if each odd directed cycle of D has at least k diagonals. The study of the k-Meyniel's condition has been a source of many interesting problems, questions and results in the development of Kernel Theory. In this paper we present a method to construct a large variety of kernel-perfect (resp. critical kernel-imperfect) digraphs which satisfy the k-Meyniel's condition.

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