On the Livingstone-Wagner theorem.
Let be a positive integer, and the set of all -circulant matrices over the Boolean algebra , . For any fixed -circulant matrix () in , we define an operation “” in as follows: for any in , where is the usual product of Boolean matrices. Then is a semigroup. We denote this semigroup by and call it the sandwich semigroup of generalized circulant...
We prove that every clone of operations on a finite set , if it contains a Malcev operation, is finitely related – i.e., identical with the clone of all operations respecting for some finitary relation over . It follows that for a fixed finite set , the set of all such Malcev clones is countable. This completes the solution of a problem that was first formulated in 1980, or earlier: how many Malcev clones can finite sets support? More generally, we prove that every finite algebra with few...
Through the study of frame congruences, new characterizations of the paracompactness of frames are obtained.