On the failure of Birkhoff's theorem for locally small based equational categories of algebras
The present article is devoted to the study of transfers for structures, their maps and homotopies, as developed in [7]. In particular, we supply the proofs of claims formulated therein and provide their extension by comparing them with the former approach based on the homological perturbation lemma.
The functor taking global elements of Boolean algebras in the topos of sheaves on a complete Boolean algebra is shown to preserve and reflect injectivity as well as completeness. This is then used to derive a result of Bell on the Boolean Ultrafilter Theorem in -valued set theory and to prove that (i) the category of complete Boolean algebras and complete homomorphisms has no non-trivial injectives, and (ii) the category of frames has no absolute retracts.