How to recognize a true Σ^0_3 set

Etienne Matheron

Displaying similar documents to “How to recognize a true Σ^0_3 set”

The space of ANR’s in $ℝ^{n}$

Tadeusz Dobrowolski, Leonard Rubin (1994)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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The hyperspaces $A N R (ℝ^{n})$ and $A R (ℝ^{n})$ in $2^{ℝ^{n}} (n \geq 3)$ consisting respectively of all compact absolute neighborhood retracts and all compact absolute retracts are studied. It is shown that both have the Borel type of absolute $G_{δ σ δ}$ -spaces and that, indeed, they are not $F_{σ δ σ}$ -spaces. The main result is that $A N R (ℝ^{n})$ is an absorber for the class of all absolute $G_{δ σ δ}$ -spaces and is therefore homeomorphic to the standard model space $Ω_{3}$ of this class.

Countable partitions of the sets of points and lines

James Schmerl (1999)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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The following theorem is proved, answering a question raised by Davies in 1963. If $L_{0} \cup L_{1} \cup L_{2} \cup . . .$ is a partition of the set of lines of $ℝ^{n}$ , then there is a partition $ℝ^{n} = S_{0} \cup S_{1} \cup S_{2} \cup . . .$ such that $| ℓ \cap S_{i} | \leq 2$ whenever $ℓ \in L_{i}$ . There are generalizations to some other, higher-dimensional subspaces, improving recent results of Erdős, Jackson Mauldin.

Decomposing Baire class 1 functions into continuous functions

Saharon Shelah, Juris Steprans (1994)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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It is shown to be consistent that every function of first Baire class can be decomposed into $ℵ_{1}$ continuous functions yet the least cardinal of a dominating family in $^{ω} ω$ is $ℵ_{2}$ . The model used in the one obtained by adding $ω_{2}$ Miller reals to a model of the Continuum Hypothesis.

Difference functions of periodic measurable functions

Tamás Keleti (1998)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We investigate some problems of the following type: For which sets H is it true that if f is in a given class ℱ of periodic functions and the difference functions $Δ_{h} f (x) = f (x + h) - f (x)$ are in a given smaller class G for every h ∈ H then f itself must be in G? Denoting the class of counter-example sets by ℌ(ℱ,G), that is, $ℌ (ℱ, G) = H \subset ℝ / ℤ : (\exists f \in ℱ G) (\forall h \in H) Δ_{h} f \in G$ , we try to characterize ℌ(ℱ,G) for some interesting classes of functions ℱ ⊃ G. We study classes of measurable functions on the circle group $𝕋 = ℝ / ℤ$ that are invariant for changes on null-sets...

On partitions of lines and space

Paul Erdös, Steve Jackson, R. Mauldin (1994)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We consider a set, L, of lines in $ℝ^{n}$ and a partition of L into some number of sets: $L = L_{1} \cup . . . \cup L_{p}$ . We seek a corresponding partition $ℝ^{n} = S_{1} \cup . . . \cup S_{p}$ such that each line l in $L_{i}$ meets the set $S_{i}$ in a set whose cardinality has some fixed bound, $ω_{τ}$ . We determine equivalences between the bounds on the size of the continuum, $2^{ω} \leq ω_{θ}$ , and some relationships between p, $ω_{τ}$ and $ω_{θ}$ .

Universal spaces in the theory of transfinite dimension, II

Wojciech Olszewski (1994)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We construct a family of spaces with “nice” structure which is universal in the class of all compact metrizable spaces of large transfinite dimension $ω_{0}$ , or, equivalently, of small transfinite dimension $ω_{0}$ ; that is, the family consists of compact metrizable spaces whose transfinite dimension is $ω_{0}$ , and every compact metrizable space with transfinite dimension $ω_{0}$ is embeddable in a space of the family. We show that the least possible cardinality of such a universal family is equal to the...

More set-theory around the weak Freese–Nation property

Sakaé Fuchino, Lajos Soukup (1997)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We introduce a very weak version of the square principle which may hold even under failure of the generalized continuum hypothesis. Under this weak square principle, we give a new characterization (Theorem 10) of partial orderings with κ-Freese-Nation property (see below for the definition). The characterization is not a ZFC theorem: assuming Chang’s Conjecture for $ℵ_{ω}$ , we can find a counter-example to the characterization (Theorem 12). We then show that, in the model obtained by adding...

A forcing construction of thin-tall Boolean algebras

Juan Martínez (1999)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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It was proved by Juhász and Weiss that for every ordinal α with $0 < α < ω_{2}$ there is a superatomic Boolean algebra of height α and width ω. We prove that if κ is an infinite cardinal such that $κ^{< κ} = κ$ and α is an ordinal such that $0 < α < κ^{+ +}$ , then there is a cardinal-preserving partial order that forces the existence of a superatomic Boolean algebra of height α and width κ. Furthermore, iterating this forcing through all $α < κ^{+ +}$ , we obtain a notion of forcing that preserves cardinals and such that in the corresponding...

Shift spaces and attractors in noninvertible horseshoes

H. Bothe (1997)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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As is well known, a horseshoe map, i.e. a special injective reimbedding of the unit square $I^{2}$ in $ℝ^{2}$ (or more generally, of the cube $I^{m}$ in $ℝ^{m}$ ) as considered first by S. Smale [5], defines a shift dynamics on the maximal invariant subset of $I^{2}$ (or $I^{m}$ ). It is shown that this remains true almost surely for noninjective maps provided the contraction rate of the mapping in the stable direction is sufficiently strong, and bounds for this rate are given.

Cofinal $Σ_{1}^{1}$ and $Π_{1}^{1}$ subsets of $ω^{ω}$

Gabriel Debs, Jean Saint Raymond (1999)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We study properties of $\sum_{1}^{1}$ and $π_{1}^{1}$ subsets of $ω^{ω}$ that are cofinal relative to the orders ≤ (≤*) of full (eventual) domination. We apply these results to prove that the topological statement “Any compact covering mapping from a Borel space onto a Polish space is inductively perfect” is equivalent to the statement " $\forall α \in ω^{ω}, ω^{ω} \cap L (α)$ is bounded for ≤*".

A generalization of Zeeman’s family

Michał Sierakowski (1999)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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E. C. Zeeman [2] described the behaviour of the iterates of the difference equation $x_{n + 1} = R (x_{n}, x_{n - 1}, . . ., x_{n - k}) / Q (x_{n}, x_{n - 1}, . . ., x_{n - k})$ , n ≥ k, R,Q polynomials in the case $k = 1, Q = x_{n - 1}$ and $R = x_{n} + α$ , $x_{1}, x_{2}$ positive, α nonnegative. We generalize his results as well as those of Beukers and Cushman on the existence of an invariant measure in the case when R,Q are affine and k = 1. We prove that the totally invariant set remains residual when the coefficients vary.

Dugundji extenders and retracts on generalized ordered spaces

Gary Gruenhage, Yasunao Hattori, Haruto Ohta (1998)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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For a subspace A of a space X, a linear extender φ:C(A) → C(X) is called an $L_{c h}$ -extender (resp. $L_{c c h}$ -extender) if φ(f)[X] is included in the convex hull (resp. closed convex hull) of f[A] for each f ∈ C(A). Consider the following conditions (i)-(vii) for a closed subset A of a GO-space X: (i) A is a retract of X; (ii) A is a retract of the union of A and all clopen convex components of X; (iii) there is a continuous $L_{c h}$ -extender φ:C(A × Y) → C(X × Y), with respect to both the compact-open topology...

Operators on C(ω^α) which do not preserve C(ω^α)

Dale Alspach (1997)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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It is shown that if α,ζ are ordinals such that 1 ≤ ζ < α < ζω, then there is an operator from $C (ω^{ω^{α}})$ onto itself such that if Y is a subspace of $C (ω^{ω^{α}})$ which is isomorphic to $C (ω^{ω^{α}})$ , then the operator is not an isomorphism on Y. This contrasts with a result of J. Bourgain that implies that there are uncountably many ordinals α for which for any operator from $C (ω^{ω^{α}})$ onto itself there is a subspace of $C (ω^{ω^{α}})$ which is isomorphic to $C (ω^{ω^{α}})$ on which the operator is an isomorphism.

Strongly almost disjoint familes, revisited

A. Hajnal, Istvan Juhász, Saharon Shelah (2000)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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The relations M(κ,λ,μ) → B [resp. B(σ)] meaning that if $A \subset {[κ]}^{λ}$ with |A|=κ is μ-almost disjoint then A has property B [resp. has a σ-transversal] had been introduced and studied under GCH in [EH]. Our two main results here say the following: Assume GCH and let ϱ be any regular cardinal with a supercompact [resp. 2-huge] cardinal above ϱ. Then there is a ϱ-closed forcing P such that, in $V^{P}$ , we have both GCH and $M (ϱ^{(+ ϱ + 1)}, ϱ^{+}, ϱ) ↛ B$ [resp. $M (ϱ^{(+ ϱ + 1)}, λ, ϱ) ↛ B (ϱ^{+})$ for all $λ \leq ϱ^{(+ ϱ + 1)}]$ . These show that, consistently, the results of [EH] are sharp....

Locally constant functions

Joan Hart, Kenneth Kunen (1996)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let X be a compact Hausdorff space and M a metric space. $E_{0} (X, M)$ is the set of f ∈ C(X,M) such that there is a dense set of points x ∈ X with f constant on some neighborhood of x. We describe some general classes of X for which $E_{0} (X, M)$ is all of C(X,M). These include βℕ, any nowhere separable LOTS, and any X such that forcing with the open subsets of X does not add reals. In the case where M is a Banach space, we discuss the properties of $E_{0} (X, M)$ as a normed linear space. We also build three first countable...

Types on stable Banach spaces

José Iovino (1998)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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We prove a geometric characterization of Banach space stability. We show that a Banach space X is stable if and only if the following condition holds. Whenever $\hat{X}$ is an ultrapower of X and B is a ball in $\hat{X}$ , the intersection B ∩ X can be uniformly approximated by finite unions and intersections of balls in X; furthermore, the radius of these balls can be taken arbitrarily close to the radius of B, and the norm of their centers arbitrarily close to the norm of the center of B. The preceding...

Distinguishing two partition properties of ω1

Péter Komjáth (1998)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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It is consistent that $ω_{1} \to {(ω_{1}, (ω : 2))}^{2}$ but $ω_{1} ↛ {(ω_{1}, ω + 2)}^{2}$ .

On character and chain conditions in images of products

Murray Bell (1998)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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A scadic space is a Hausdorff continuous image of a product of compact scattered spaces. We complete a theorem begun by G. Chertanov that will establish that for each scadic space X, χ(X) = w(X). A ξ-adic space is a Hausdorff continuous image of a product of compact ordinal spaces. We introduce an either-or chain condition called Property $R_{λ}^{'}$ which we show is satisfied by all ξ-adic spaces. Whereas Property $R_{λ}^{'}$ is productive, we show that a weaker (but more natural) Property $R_{λ}$ is not productive....

An extension of a theorem of Marcinkiewicz and Zygmund on differentiability

S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Mitra (1996)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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Let f be a measurable function such that $Δ_{k} (x, h; f) = {O (| h |}^{λ})$ at each point x of a set E, where k is a positive integer, λ > 0 and $Δ_{k} (x, h; f)$ is the symmetric difference of f at x of order k. Marcinkiewicz and Zygmund [5] proved that if λ = k and if E is measurable then the Peano derivative $f_{(k)}$ exists a.e. on E. Here we prove that if λ > k-1 then the Peano derivative $f_{([λ])}$ exists a.e. on E and that the result is false if λ = k-1; it is further proved that if λ is any positive integer and if the approximate Peano...