We prove that given any natural number k and any dense point sequence (tₙ), the corresponding orthonormal spline system is an unconditional basis in reflexive $L^p$.

We extend results on constructing semiorthogonal linear spline prewavelet systems in one and two dimensions to the case of irregular dyadic refinement. In the one-dimensional case, we obtain sharp two-sided inequalities for the $L_p$-condition, 1 < p < ∞, of such systems.

Chebyshevian box splines were introduced in [5]. The purpose of this paper is to show some new properties of them in the case when the weight functions $w_j$ are of the form $w_j\left(x\right)=W_j\left(v_{n+j}·x\right)$, where the functions $W_j$ are periodic functions of one variable. Then we consider the problem of approximation of continuous functions by Chebyshevian box splines.

It has been proved recently that the two-direction refinement equation of the form $f\left(x\right)={\sum }_{n\in }{c}_{n,1}f(kx-n)+{\sum }_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}{c}_{n,-1}f(-kx-n)$ can be used in wavelet theory for constructing two-direction wavelets, biorthogonal wavelets, wavelet packages, wavelet frames and others. The two-direction refinement equation generalizes the classical refinement equation $f\left(x\right)={\sum }_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}cₙf(kx-n)$, which has been used in many areas of mathematics with important applications. The following continuous extension of the classical refinement equation $f\left(x\right)={\int }_{ℝ}c\left(y\right)f(kx-y)dy$ has also various interesting...

We consider the smoothness parameter of a function f ∈ L²(ℝ) in terms of Besov spaces $B_{2,\infty }^s\left(ℝ\right)$, $s*\left(f\right)=sups>0:f\in B_{2,\infty }^s\left(ℝ\right)$. The existing results on estimation of smoothness [K. Dziedziul, M. Kucharska and B. Wolnik, J. Nonparametric Statist. 23 (2011)] employ the Haar basis and are limited to the case 0 < s*(f) < 1/2. Using p-regular (p ≥ 1) spline wavelets with exponential decay we extend them to density functions with 0 < s*(f) < p+1/2. Applying the Franklin-Strömberg wavelet p = 1, we prove that the...

Theorems stating sufficient conditions for the inequivalence of the d-variate Haar wavelet system and another wavelet system in the spaces $L₁\left({ℝ}^d\right)$ and $BV\left({ℝ}^d\right)$ are proved. These results are used to show that the Strömberg wavelet system and the system of continuous Daubechies wavelets with minimal supports are not equivalent to the Haar system in these spaces. A theorem stating that some systems of smooth Daubechies wavelets are not equivalent to the Haar system in $L₁\left({ℝ}^d\right)$ is also shown.

AbstractThe main result of the paper, based on the Borsuk Antipodality Theorem, describes extremal functions of the Kolmogorov-Landau problem(*) $f^{\left(m\right)}\left(\xi \right)\to sup$, $f\in W^r{H}^{\omega }[\xi ,b]$, ${\left|\right|f\left|\right|}_{ℂ[a,b]}\le B$,for all 0 < m ≤ r, ξ ≤ a or ξ = (a+b)/2, all B > 0 and concave moduli of continuity ω on ℝ₊. It is shown that any extremal function ${=}_{B,r,m,\omega ,\xi }$ of the problem (*) enjoys the following two characteristic properties. First, the function ${}^{\left(r\right)}\left(·\right){-}^{\left(r\right)}\left(\xi \right)$ is extremal for the problem(**) ${\int }_{\xi }^{b}h\left(t\right)\psi \left(t\right)dt\to sup$, $h\in H^{\omega }[\xi ,b]$, h(ξ) = 0,for an appropriate choice of the kernel ψ with a finite...

Let $\Theta :={\theta }_I^e:e\in E,I\in D$ be a decomposition system for $L₂\left({ℝ}^d\right)$ indexed over D, the set of dyadic cubes in ${ℝ}^d$, and a finite set E, and let $\Theta ̃:=\Theta {̃}_I^e:e\in E,I\in D$ be the corresponding dual functionals. That is, for every $f\in L₂\left({ℝ}^d\right)$, $f={\sum }_{e\in E}{\sum }_{I\in D}⟨f,\Theta {̃}_I^e⟩{\theta }_I^e$. We study sufficient conditions on Θ,Θ̃ so that they constitute a decomposition system for Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces. Moreover, these conditions allow us to characterize the membership of a distribution f in these spaces by the size of the coefficients $⟨f,\Theta {̃}_I^e⟩$, e ∈ E, I ∈ D. Typical examples of such decomposition...

We construct the Haar wavelets on a local field K of positive characteristic and show that the Haar wavelet system forms an unconditional basis for $L^p\left(K\right)$, 1 < p < ∞. We also prove that this system, normalized in $L^p\left(K\right)$, is a democratic basis of $L^p\left(K\right)$. This also proves that the Haar system is a greedy basis of $L^p\left(K\right)$ for 1 < p < ∞.

For a wavelet ψ of compact support, we define a square function $S_w$ and a maximal function NΛ. We then obtain the $L_p$ equivalence of these functions for 0 < p < ∞. We show this equivalence by using good-λ inequalities.

We consider the subspace of L²(ℝ) spanned by the integer shifts of one function ψ, and formulate a condition on the family ${\psi (·-n)}_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }$, which is equivalent to the weight function ${\sum }_{n=-\infty }^{\infty }\left|\psi ̂(·+n)\right|²$ being > 0 a.e.

The paper deals with local means and wavelet bases in weighted and unweighted function spaces of type $B_{pq}^s$ and $F_{pq}^s$ on ℝⁿ and on ⁿ.

We investigate the bounded Ciesielski systems, which can be obtained from the spline systems of order (m,k) in the same way as the Walsh system arises from the Haar system. It is shown that the maximal operator of the Fejér means of the Ciesielski-Fourier series is bounded from the Hardy space $H_p$ to $L_p$ if 1/2 < p < ∞ and m ≥ 0, |k| ≤ m + 1. Moreover, it is of weak type (1,1). As a consequence, the Fejér means of the Ciesielski-Fourier series of a function f converges to f a.e. if...

We study embeddings of spaces of Besov-Morrey type, $i{d}_{\Omega }{:}_{p₁,u₁,q₁}^{s₁}\left(\Omega \right){\hookrightarrow }_{p₂,u₂,q₂}^{s₂}\left(\Omega \right)$, where $\Omega \subset {ℝ}^d$ is a bounded domain, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the continuity and compactness of $i{d}_{\Omega }$. This continues our earlier studies relating to the case of ${ℝ}^d$. Moreover, we also characterise embeddings into the scale of $L_p$ spaces or into the space of bounded continuous functions.

To each set of knots $t_i=i/2n$ for i = 0,...,2ν and $t_i=(i-\nu )/n$ for i = 2ν + 1,..., n + ν, with 1 ≤ ν ≤ n, there corresponds the space ${}_{\nu ,n}$ of all piecewise linear and continuous functions on I = [0,1] with knots $t_i$ and the orthogonal projection $P_{\nu ,n}$ of L²(I) onto ${}_{\nu ,n}$. The main result is $li{m}_{(n-\nu )\wedge \nu \to \infty }\left|\right|P_{\nu ,n}\left|\right|₁=su{p}_{\nu ,n:1\le \nu \le n}\left|\right|P_{\nu ,n}\left|\right|₁=2+(2-\surd 3)²$. This shows that the Lebesgue constant for the Franklin orthogonal system is 2 + (2-√3)².

Abstract We develop an almost orthogonal wavelet-type expansion in ℝ² which is adapted to polar coordinates. We start by defining a product Fourier-Hankel transform f̂ and proving a sampling formula for f such that f̂ is compactly supported. For general f, the sampling formula and a partition of unity lead to an identity of the form $f={\sum }_{\mu ,k,m}⟨f,{\phi }_{\mu km}⟩{\psi }_{\mu km}$, in which each function ${\phi }_{\mu km}$ and ${\psi }_{\mu km}$ is concentrated near a certain annular sector, has compactly supported product Fourier-Hankel transform, and is smooth...

J. Bourgain, H. Brezis and P. Mironescu [in: J. L. Menaldi et al. (eds.), Optimal Control and Partial Differential Equations, IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2001, 439-455] proved the following asymptotic formula: if $\Omega \subset {ℝ}^d$ is a smooth bounded domain, 1 ≤ p < ∞ and $f\in W^{1,p}\left(\Omega \right)$, then $li{m}_{s\nearrow 1}(1-s){\int }_{\Omega }{\int }_{\Omega }{\left(\right|f\left(x\right)-f\left(y\right)|}^p{)/(\left|\right|x-y\left|\right|}^{d+sp})dxdy=K{\int }_{\Omega }{\left|\nabla f\left(x\right)\right|}^{p}dx$, where K is a constant depending only on p and d. The double integral on the left-hand side of the above formula is an equivalent seminorm in the Besov space $B_p^{s,p}\left(\Omega \right)$. The purpose of this paper is to obtain analogous asymptotic formulae...

We show that each general Haar system is permutatively equivalent in $L^p\left([0,1]\right)$, 1 < p < ∞, to a subsequence of the classical (i.e. dyadic) Haar system. As a consequence, each general Haar system is a greedy basis in $L^p\left([0,1]\right)$, 1 < p < ∞. In addition, we give an example of a general Haar system whose tensor products are greedy bases in each $L^p\left({[0,1]}^d\right)$, 1 < p < ∞, d ∈ ℕ. This is in contrast to [11], where it has been shown that the tensor products of the dyadic Haar system are not greedy bases...

We prove an interpolatory estimate linking the directional Haar projection $P^{\left(\epsilon \right)}$ to the Riesz transform in the context of Bochner-Lebesgue spaces $L^p(ℝⁿ;X)$, 1 < p < ∞, provided X is a UMD-space. If ${\epsilon }_{i₀}=1$, the result is the inequality $\left|\right|P^{\left(\epsilon \right)}{u\left|\right|}_{L^p(ℝⁿ;X)}{\le C\left|\right|u\left|\right|}_{L^p(ℝⁿ;X)}^{1/}\left|\right|R_{i₀}u{\left|\right|}_{L^p(ℝⁿ;X)}^{1-1/}$, (1) where the constant C depends only on n, p, the UMD-constant of X and the Rademacher type of $L^p(ℝⁿ;X)$. In order to obtain the interpolatory result (1) we analyze stripe operators $S_{\lambda }$, λ ≥ 0, which are used as basic building blocks to dominate the directional Haar projection....

It is known that Gabor expansions do not converge unconditionally in $L^p$ and that $L^p$ cannot be characterized in terms of the magnitudes of Gabor coefficients. By using a combination of Littlewood-Paley and Gabor theory, we show that $L^p$ can nevertheless be characterized in terms of Gabor expansions, and that the partial sums of Gabor expansions converge in $L^p$-norm.

We consider digit expansions ${\sum }_{j=0}^{\ell -1}{\Phi }^j\left(d_j\right)$ with an endomorphism $\Phi$ of an Abelian group. In such a numeral system, the $w$-NAF condition (each block of $w$ consecutive digits contains at most one nonzero) is shown to minimise the Hamming weight over all expansions with the same digit set if and only if it fulfills the subadditivity condition (the sum of every two expansions of weight $1$ admits an optimal $w$-NAF). This result is then applied to imaginary quadratic bases, which are used for scalar...

CONTENTSIntroduction.......................................................................................61. Definition of certain special forms...........................................62. Statement of results...................................................................83. Proof of Theorem 2.....................................................................94. Preliminaries for Theorem 1.....................................................105. Further preliminaries for Theorem...

Let $\alpha \&gt;1$ be irrational. Several authors studied the numbers $${\ell }^m\left(\alpha \right)=inf\left\{\right|y|:y\in {\Lambda }_m,y\ne 0\},$$ where $m$ is a positive integer and ${\Lambda }_m$ denotes the set of all real numbers of the form $y={ϵ}_0{\alpha }^n+{ϵ}_1{\alpha }^{n-1}+\cdots +{ϵ}_{n-1}\alpha +{ϵ}_n$ with restricted integer coefficients $|{ϵ}_i|\le m$. The value of ${\ell }^1\left(\alpha \right)$ was determined for many particular Pisot numbers and ${\ell }^m\left(\alpha \right)$ for the golden number. In this paper the value of ${\ell }^m\left(\alpha \right)$ is determined for irrational numbers $\alpha$, satisfying ${\alpha }^2=a\alpha \pm 1$ with a positive integer $a$.