Solution to a Problem of Lubelski and an Improvement of a Theorem of His

A. Schinzel

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Improving on a theorem of Heath-Brown, we show that if X is sufficiently large then a positive proportion of the values n³ + 2: n ∈ (X,2X] have a prime factor larger than $X^{1 + 10^{- 52}}$ .

Making sense of capitulation: reciprocal primes

David Folk (2016)

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Let ℓ be a rational prime, K be a number field that contains a primitive ℓth root of unity, L an abelian extension of K whose degree over K, [L:K], is divisible by ℓ, a prime ideal of K whose ideal class has order ℓ in the ideal class group of K, and $a_{}$ any generator of the principal ideal $^{ℓ}$ . We will call a prime ideal of K ’reciprocal to ’ if its Frobenius element generates $G a l (K (\sqrt[ℓ]{a_{}}) / K)$ for every choice of $a_{}$ . We then show that becomes principal in L if and only if every reciprocal prime is not...

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A classical theorem of M. Fried [2] asserts that if non-zero integers $β ₁, . . ., β_{l}$ have the property that for each prime number p there exists a quadratic residue $β_{j}$ mod p then a certain product of an odd number of them is a square. We provide generalizations for power residues of degree n in two cases: 1) n is a prime, 2) n is a power of an odd prime. The proofs involve some combinatorial properties of finite Abelian groups and arithmetic results of [3].

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Humio Ichimura (2005)

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Let $p$ be a prime number. A finite Galois extension $N / F$ of a number field $F$ with group $G$ has a normal $p$ -integral basis ( $p$ -NIB for short) when $𝒪_{N}^{'}$ is free of rank one over the group ring $𝒪_{F}^{'} [G]$ . Here, $𝒪_{F}^{'} = 𝒪_{F} [1 / p]$ is the ring of $p$ -integers of $F$ . Let $m = p^{e}$ be a power of $p$ and $N / F$ a cyclic extension of degree $m$ . When $ζ_{m} \in F^{\times}$ , we give a necessary and sufficient condition for $N / F$ to have a $p$ -NIB (Theorem 3). When $ζ_{m} \notin F^{\times}$ and $p ∤ [F (ζ_{m}) : F]$ , we show that $N / F$ has a $p$ -NIB if and only if $N (ζ_{m}) / F (ζ_{m})$ has a $p$ -NIB (Theorem 1). When $p$ divides $[F (ζ_{m}) : F]$ , we show that this...

Boundedness results of solutions to the equation $x^{\prime\prime\prime}+ax^{\prime\prime}+g(x)x^{\prime}+h(x)=p(t)$ without the hypothesis $h(x)\,\operatorname{sgn}x\geq 0$ for $|x|>R$ .

Ján Andres (1986)

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Per l'equazione differenziale ordinaria non lineare del 3° ordine indicata nel titolo, studiata da numerosi autori sotto l'ipotesi $h(x)\,\text{sgn}x\geq 0$ $for|x|>R$ , si dimostra l'esistenza di almeno una soluzione limitata sopprimendo l'ipotesi suddetta.

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We obtain estimates for the average value of the largest prime factor P(n) in short intervals [x,x+y] and of h(P(n)+1), where h is a complex-valued additive function or multiplicative function satisfying certain conditions. Letting $s_{q} (n)$ stand for the sum of the digits of n in base q ≥ 2, we show that if α is an irrational number, then the sequence ${(α s_{q} (P (n)))}_{n \in ℕ}$ is uniformly distributed modulo 1.

Positive solutions of a fourth-order differential equation with integral boundary conditions

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We study the existence of positive solutions to the fourth-order two-point boundary value problem $\{\begin{matrix} u^{''''} (t) + f (t, u (t)) = 0, & 0 < t < 1, \\ u^{'} (0) = u^{'} (1) = u^{''} (0) = 0, & u (0) = α [u], \end{matrix}$ where $α [u] = \int_{0}^{1} u (t) d A (t)$ is a Riemann-Stieltjes integral with $A \geq 0$ being a nondecreasing function of bounded variation and $f \in 𝒞 ([0, 1] \times ℝ_{+}, ℝ_{+})$ . The sufficient conditions obtained are new and easy to apply. Their approach is based on Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem and the Avery-Peterson fixed point theorem.

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It is shown that Dickson’s Conjecture about primes in linear polynomials implies that if f is a reducible quadratic polynomial with integral coefficients and non-zero discriminant then for every r there exists an integer $N_{r}$ such that the polynomial $f (X) / N_{r}$ represents at least r distinct primes.

Linear recurrence sequences without zeros

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Let $a_{d - 1}, \dots, a_{0} \in ℤ$ , where $d \in ℕ$ and $a_{0} \neq 0$ , and let $X = {(x_{n})}_{n = 1}^{\infty}$ be a sequence of integers given by the linear recurrence $x_{n + d} = a_{d - 1} x_{n + d - 1} + \dots + a_{0} x_{n}$ for $n = 1, 2, 3, \dots$ . We show that there are a prime number $p$ and $d$ integers $x_{1}, \dots, x_{d}$ such that no element of the sequence $X = {(x_{n})}_{n = 1}^{\infty}$ defined by the above linear recurrence is divisible by $p$ . Furthermore, for any nonnegative integer $s$ there is a prime number $p \geq 3$ and $d$ integers $x_{1}, \dots, x_{d}$ such that every element of the sequence $X = {(x_{n})}_{n = 1}^{\infty}$ defined as above modulo $p$ belongs to the set ${s + 1, s + 2, \dots, p - s - 1}$ .

On the non-convergence of successive approximations in the Darboux problem for the equation $z_{x y}^{''} = f (x, y, z)$

M. Kisielewicz (1977)

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Products of factorials modulo p

Florian Luca, Pantelimon Stănică (2003)

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We show that if p ≠ 5 is a prime, then the numbers $1 / p (\binom{p}{m ₁, . . ., m_{t}}) | t \geq 1, m_{i} \geq 0 f o r i = 1, . . ., t a n d \sum_{i = 1}^{t} m_{i} = p$ cover all the nonzero residue classes modulo p.

Periodic solutions of $x^{''} + f (x) x^{' 2 n} + g (x) = μ p (t)$

S. Sędziwy (1969)

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Boundedness results of solutions to the equation $x^{\prime\prime\prime}+ax^{\prime\prime}+g(x)x^{\prime}+h(x)=p(t)$ without the hypothesis $h(x)\,\text{sgn}x\geq 0$ $for|x|>R$ .

Ján Andres (1986)

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A dual space characterization of $P_{1}$ - and $P_{2}$ -lattices of order ω+

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