Let X be an arbitrary set, and γ: X × X → ℝ any function. Let Φ be a family of real-valued functions defined on X. Let $\Gamma :X\to 2^{\Phi }$ be a cyclic ${\Phi }^{\gamma (·,·)}$-monotone multifunction with non-empty values. It is shown that the following generalization of the Rockafellar theorem holds. There is a function f: X → ℝ such that Γ is contained in the ${\Phi }^{\gamma (·,·)}$-subdifferential of f, $\Gamma \left(x\right)\subset {\partial }_{\Phi }^{\gamma (·,·)}{f|}_x$.

We say that a function f from [0,1] to a Banach space X is increasing with respect to E ⊂ X* if x* ∘ f is increasing for every x* ∈ E. A function $f:{[0,1]}^m\to X$ is separately increasing if it is increasing in each variable separately. We show that if X is a Banach space that does not contain any isomorphic copy of c₀ or such that X* is separable, then for every separately increasing function $f:{[0,1]}^m\to X$ with respect to any norming subset there exists a separately increasing function $g:{[0,1]}^m\to ℝ$ such that the sets of...

An important result on submajorization, which goes back to Hardy, Littlewood and Pólya, states that b ⪯ a if and only if there is a doubly stochastic matrix A such that b = Aa. We prove that under monotonicity assumptions on the vectors a and b the matrix A may be chosen monotone. This result is then applied to show that $(\widetilde{L^p},L^{\infty })$ is a Calderón couple for 1 ≤ p < ∞, where $\widetilde{L^p}$ is the Köthe dual of the Cesàro space $Ce{s}_{p^{\text{'}}}$ (or equivalently the down space $L_{\downarrow }^{p^{\text{'}}}$). In particular, $(\widetilde{L¹},L^{\infty })$ is a Calderón couple, which...

Let (X,||·||) be a separable real Banach space. Let f be a real-valued strongly α(·)-paraconvex function defined on an open convex subset Ω ⊂ X, i.e. such that $f(tx+(1-t\left)y\right)\le tf\left(x\right)+(1-t)f\left(y\right)+min[t,(1-t\left)\right]\alpha \left(\right||x-y|\left|\right)$. Then there is a dense $G_{\delta }$-set $A_G\subset \Omega$ such that f is Gateaux differentiable at every point of $A_G$.

In this paper, we define the direct sum ${\left({⨁}_{i=1}^n{X}_i\right)}_{ce{s}_p}$ of Banach spaces X₁,X₂,..., and Xₙ and consider it equipped with the Cesàro p-norm when 1 ≤ p < ∞. We show that ${\left({⨁}_{i=1}^n{X}_i\right)}_{ce{s}_p}$ has the H-property if and only if each $X_i$ has the H-property, and ${\left({⨁}_{i=1}^n{X}_i\right)}_{ce{s}_p}$ has the Schur property if and only if each $X_i$ has the Schur property. Moreover, we also show that ${\left({⨁}_{i=1}^n{X}_i\right)}_{ce{s}_p}$ is rotund if and only if each $X_i$ is rotund.

For the integral equation (1) below we prove the existence on an interval $J=[0,a]$ of a solution $x$ with values in a Banach space $E$, belonging to the class $L^p(J,E)$, $p>1$. Further, the set of solutions is shown to be a compact one in the sense of Aronszajn.

We show that an effect tribe of fuzzy sets $𝒯\subseteq {[0,1]}^X$ with the property that every $f\in 𝒯$ is ${ℬ}_0\left(𝒯\right)$-measurable, where ${ℬ}_0\left(𝒯\right)$ is the family of subsets of $X$ whose characteristic functions are central elements in $𝒯$, is a tribe. Moreover, a monotone $\sigma$-complete effect algebra with RDP with a Loomis-Sikorski representation $(X,𝒯,h)$, where the tribe $𝒯$ has the property that every $f\in 𝒯$ is ${ℬ}_0\left(𝒯\right)$-measurable, is a $\sigma$-MV-algebra.

A Banach space X is reflexive if and only if every bounded sequence xₙ in X contains a norm attaining subsequence. This means that it contains a subsequence $x_{n_k}$ for which $su{p}_{f\in S_{X*}}limsu{p}_{k\to \infty }f\left(x_{n_k}\right)$ is attained at some f in the dual unit sphere $S_{X*}$. A Banach space X is not reflexive if and only if it contains a normalized sequence xₙ with the property that for every $f\in S_{X*}$, there exists $g\in S_{X*}$ such that $limsu{p}_{n\to \infty }f\left(xₙ\right)<limin{f}_{n\to \infty }g\left(xₙ\right)$. Combining this with a result of Shafrir, we conclude that every infinite-dimensional Banach space contains an unbounded...

Given a Banach space X, for n ∈ ℕ and p ∈ (1,∞) we investigate the smallest constant ∈ (0,∞) for which every n-tuple of functions f₁,...,fₙ: -1,1ⁿ → X satisfies ${\int }_{-1,1ⁿ}\left|\right|{\sum }_{j=1}^n{\partial }_j{f}_j{\left(\epsilon \right)\left|\right|}^{p}d\mu \left(\epsilon \right){\le }^p{\int }_{-1,1ⁿ}{\int }_{-1,1ⁿ}\left|\right|{\sum }_{j=1}^n{\delta }_j\Delta f_j\left(\epsilon \right){\left|\right|}^{p}d\mu \left(\epsilon \right)d\mu \left(\delta \right)$, where μ is the uniform probability measure on the discrete hypercube -1,1ⁿ, and ${{\partial }_j}_{j=1}^n$ and $\Delta ={\sum }_{j=1}^n{\partial }_j$ are the hypercube partial derivatives and the hypercube Laplacian, respectively. Denoting this constant by ${ⁿ}_p\left(X\right)$, we show that ${ⁿ}_p\left(X\right)\le {\sum }_{k=1}^{n}1/k$ for every Banach space (X,||·||). This extends the classical Pisier inequality, which corresponds to the special...

This paper is concerned with the isomorphic structure of the Banach space ${\ell }_{\infty }/c₀$ and how it depends on combinatorial tools whose existence is consistent with but not provable from the usual axioms of ZFC. Our main global result is that it is consistent that ${\ell }_{\infty }/c₀$ does not have an orthogonal ${\ell }_{\infty }$-decomposition, that is, it is not of the form ${\ell }_{\infty }\left(X\right)$ for any Banach space X. The main local result is that it is consistent that ${\ell }_{\infty }\left(c₀\left(\right)\right)$ does not embed isomorphically into ${\ell }_{\infty }/c₀$, where is the cardinality of the continuum,...

We study nonlinear elliptic equations of the form $F\left(D^{2}u\right)=f\left(u\right)$ where the main assumption on $F$ and $f$ is that there exists a one dimensional solution which solves the equation in all the directions $\xi \in {ℝ}^n$. We show that entire monotone solutions $u$ are one dimensional if their $0$ level set is assumed to be Lipschitz, flat or bounded from one side by a hyperplane.

We take another approach to the well known theorem of Korovkin, in the following situation: X, Y are compact Hausdorff spaces, M is a unital subspace of the Banach space C(X) (respectively, $C_{ℝ}\left(X\right)$) of all complex-valued (resp., real-valued) continuous functions on X, S ⊂ M a complex (resp., real) function space on X, ϕₙ a sequence of unital linear contractions from M into C(Y) (resp., $C_{ℝ}\left(Y\right)$), and ${\varphi }_{\infty }$ a linear isometry from M into C(Y) (resp., $C_{ℝ}\left(Y\right)$). We show, under the assumption that ${\Pi }_N\subset {\Pi }_T$, where ${\Pi }_N$ is...

We say that a function f from [0,1] to a Banach space X is increasing with respect to E ⊂ X* if x* ∘ f is increasing for every x* ∈ E. We show that if f: [0,1] → X is an increasing function with respect to a norming subset E of X* with uncountably many points of discontinuity and Q is a countable dense subset of [0,1], then (1) $\overline{linf\left(\right[0,1\left]\right)}$ contains an order isomorphic copy of D(0,1), (2) $\overline{linf\left(Q\right)}$ contains an isomorphic copy of C([0,1]), (3) $\overline{linf\left(\right[0,1\left]\right)}/\overline{linf\left(Q\right)}$ contains an isomorphic copy of c₀(Γ) for some uncountable...

We determine in ${ℝ}^n$ the form of curves $C$ corresponding to strictly monotone functions as well as the components of affine connections $\nabla$ for which any image of $C$ under a compact-free group $\Omega$ of affinities containing the translation group is a geodesic with respect to $\nabla$. Special attention is paid to the case that $\Omega$ contains many dilatations or that $C$ is a curve in ${ℝ}^3$. If $C$ is a curve in ${ℝ}^3$ and $\Omega$ is the translation group then we calculate not only the components of the curvature and the Weyl...

This work deals with Feigenbaum’s functional equation ⎧ $h\left(g\left(x\right)\right)=g^p\left(h\left(x\right)\right)$, ⎨ ⎩ g(0) = 1, -1 ≤ g(x) ≤ 1, x∈[-1,1] where p ≥ 2 is an integer, $g^p$ is the p-fold iteration of g, and h is a strictly monotone odd continuous function on [-1,1] with h(0) = 0 and |h(x)| < |x| (x ∈ [-1,1], x ≠ 0). Using a constructive method, we discuss the existence of continuous unimodal even solutions of the above equation.

A two-sided sequence ${\left(cₙ\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}$ with values in a complex unital Banach algebra is a cosine sequence if it satisfies $c_{n+m}+c_{n-m}=2cₙcₘ$ for any n,m ∈ ℤ with c₀ equal to the unity of the algebra. A cosine sequence ${\left(cₙ\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}$ is bounded if $su{p}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}\left|\right|cₙ\left|\right|<\infty$. A (bounded) group decomposition for a cosine sequence $c={\left(cₙ\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}$ is a representation of c as $cₙ=(bⁿ+b^{-n})/2$ for every n ∈ ℤ, where b is an invertible element of the algebra (satisfying $su{p}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}\left|\right|bⁿ\left|\right|<\infty$, respectively). It is known that every bounded cosine sequence possesses a universally defined group decomposition, the...

For Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$, let $K_{w^{*}}(X^{*},Y)$ denote the space of all $w^{*}-w$ continuous compact operators from $X^{*}$ to $Y$ endowed with the operator norm. A Banach space $X$ has the $wGP$ property if every Grothendieck subset of $X$ is relatively weakly compact. In this paper we study Banach spaces with property $wGP$. We investigate whether the spaces $K_{w^{*}}(X^{*},Y)$ and $X{\otimes }_{ϵ}Y$ have the $wGP$ property, when $X$ and $Y$ have the $wGP$ property.

This paper is devoted to investigating the properties of multilinear $A_{P⃗}$ conditions and $A_{(P⃗,q)}$ conditions, which are suitable for the study of multilinear operators on Lebesgue spaces. Some monotonicity properties of $A_{P⃗}$ and $A_{(P⃗,q)}$ classes with respect to P⃗ and q are given, although these classes are not in general monotone with respect to the natural partial order. Equivalent characterizations of multilinear $A_{(P⃗,q)}$ classes in terms of the linear $A_p$ classes are established. These results essentially improve...

Let 1 ≤ p < ∞, $={\left(Xₙ\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ be a sequence of Banach spaces and $l_p\left(\right)$ the coresponding vector valued sequence space. Let $={\left(Xₙ\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$, $={\left(Yₙ\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ be two sequences of Banach spaces, $={\left(Vₙ\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$, Vₙ: Xₙ → Yₙ, a sequence of bounded linear operators and 1 ≤ p,q < ∞. We define the multiplication operator $M_{}:l_p\left(\right)\to l_q\left(\right)$ by $M_{}\left({\left(xₙ\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}\right):={\left(Vₙ\left(xₙ\right)\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for $M_{}$ to be 2-summing when (p,q) is one of the couples (1,2), (2,1), (2,2), (1,1), (p,1), (p,2), (2,p), (1,p), (p,q); in the last case 1 < p < 2, 1 < q < ∞. ...

Let X be a completely regular Hausdorff space, E and F be Banach spaces. Let $C_b(X,E)$ be the space of all E-valued bounded continuous functions on X, equipped with the strict topology β. We study topological properties of the space $L_{\beta }(C_b(X,E),F)$ of all $(\beta ,|\left|·\right|{|}_F)$-continuous linear operators from $C_b(X,E)$ to F, equipped with the topology ${\tau }_s$ of simple convergence. If X is a locally compact paracompact space (resp. a P-space), we characterize ${\tau }_s$-compact subsets of $L_{\beta }(C_b(X,E),F)$ in terms of properties of the corresponding sets of the representing...

For a sequence x ∈ ℓ₁∖c₀₀, one can consider the set E(x) of all subsums of the series ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }x\left(n\right)$. Guthrie and Nymann proved that E(x) is one of the following types of sets: () a finite union of closed intervals; () homeomorphic to the Cantor set; homeomorphic to the set T of subsums of ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }b\left(n\right)$ where b(2n-1) = 3/4ⁿ and b(2n) = 2/4ⁿ. Denote by ℐ, and the sets of all sequences x ∈ ℓ₁∖c₀₀ such that E(x) has the property (ℐ), () and ( ), respectively. We show that ℐ and are strongly -algebrable and is -lineable....

Geometric structure of Cesàro function spaces $Ce{s}_p\left(I\right)$, where I = [0,1] and [0,∞), is investigated. Among other matters we present a description of their dual spaces, characterize the sets of all q ∈ [1,∞] such that $Ce{s}_p[0,1]$ contains isomorphic and complemented copies of $l_q$-spaces, show that Cesàro function spaces fail the fixed point property, give a description of subspaces generated by Rademacher functions in spaces $Ce{s}_p[0,1]$.

The work is dedicated to investigating a limiting procedure for extending “local” integral operator equalities to “global” ones in the sense explained below, and to applying it to obtaining generalizations of the Newton-Leibniz formula for operator-valued functions for a wide class of unbounded operators. The integral equalities considered have the form $g\left(R_F\right)\int f_x\left(R_F\right)d\mu \left(x\right)=h\left(R_F\right)$. (1) They involve functions of the kind $X\ni x\mapsto f_x\left(R_F\right)\in B\left(F\right)$, where X is a general locally compact space, F runs over a suitable class of Banach subspaces...

We consider real Banach spaces X for which the quotient algebra (X)/ℐn(X) is finite-dimensional, where ℐn(X) stands for the ideal of inessential operators on X. We show that these spaces admit a decomposition as a finite direct sum of indecomposable subspaces $X_i$ for which $\left(X_i\right)/ℐn\left(X_i\right)$ is isomorphic as a real algebra to either the real numbers ℝ, the complex numbers ℂ, or the quaternion numbers ℍ. Moreover, the set of subspaces $X_i$ can be divided into subsets in such a way that if $X_i$ and $X_j$ are in different...

Let ${\beta \left(n\right)}_{n=0}^{\infty }$ be a sequence of positive numbers and 1 ≤ p < ∞. We consider the space ${\ell }^p\left(\beta \right)$ of all power series $f\left(z\right)={\sum }_{n=0}^{\infty }f̂\left(n\right)zⁿ$ such that ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\infty }{\left|f̂\left(n\right)\right|}^p{\left|\beta \left(n\right)\right|}^p<\infty$. We give some sufficient conditions for the multiplication operator, $M_z$, to be unicellular on the Banach space ${\ell }^p\left(\beta \right)$. This generalizes the main results obtained by Lu Fang [1].

We give a full solution of the following problems concerning the spaces $M_{\phi }\left(X⃗\right)$: (i) to what extent two functions φ and ψ should be different in order to ensure that $M_{\phi }\left(X⃗\right)\ne M_{\psi }\left(X⃗\right)$ for any nontrivial Banach couple X⃗; (ii) when an embedding $M_{\phi }\left(X⃗\right)⊊M_{\psi }\left(X⃗\right)$ can (or cannot) be dense; (iii) which Banach space can be regarded as an $M_{\phi }\left(X⃗\right)$-space for some (unknown beforehand) Banach couple X⃗.

The aim of this paper is to establish an existence and uniqueness result for a class of the set functional differential equations of neutral type$$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{D}_{H}X\left(t\right)=F(t,X_t,D_H{X}_t),\hfill \\ {X|}_{[-r,0]}=\Psi ,\hfill \end{array}\right.$$ where $F:[0,b]\times {𝒞}_0\times {𝔏}_0^1\to K_c\left(E\right)$ is a given function, $K_c\left(E\right)$ is the family of all nonempty compact and convex subsets of a separable Banach space $E$, ${𝒞}_0$ denotes the space of all continuous set-valued functions $X$ from $[-r,0]$ into $K_c\left(E\right)$, ${𝔏}_0^1$ is the space of all integrally bounded set-valued functions $X:[-r,0]\to K_c\left(E\right)$, $\Psi \in {𝒞}_0$ and $D_H$ is the Hukuhara derivative. The continuous dependence of solutions on initial...