By Fin(X) (resp. $Fi{n}^k\left(X\right)$), we denote the hyperspace of all non-empty finite subsets of X (resp. consisting of at most k points) with the Vietoris topology. Let ℓ₂(τ) be the Hilbert space with weight τ and $\ell {₂}^f\left(\tau \right)$ the linear span of the canonical orthonormal basis of ℓ₂(τ). It is shown that if $E=\ell {₂}^f\left(\tau \right)$ or E is an absorbing set in ℓ₂(τ) for one of the absolute Borel classes ${}_{\alpha }\left(\tau \right)$ and ${}_{\alpha }\left(\tau \right)$ of weight ≤ τ (α > 0) then Fin(E) and each $Fi{n}^k\left(E\right)$ are homeomorphic to E. More generally, if X is a connected E-manifold then Fin(X)...

Under mild conditions on the weight function K we characterize lacunary series in the so-called ${}_K$ spaces.

CONTENTSIntroduction............................................................................................................ 51. Preliminaries............................................................................................................. 82. Embedding into $W^{m,p}\left(\Omega \right)$ into $L^S\left(\Omega \right)$ (n>1).......................................... 103. The case n = 1.......................................................................................................... 284. Embedding $W^{m,p}\left(\Omega \right)$ into $L^{\phi }\left(\Omega \right)$...............................................................

We characterize, in terms of X, the extensional dimension of the Stone-Čech corona βX∖X of a locally compact and Lindelöf space X. The non-Lindelöf case is also settled in terms of extending proper maps with values in $I^{\tau }\setminus L$, where L is a finite complex. Further, for a finite complex L, an uncountable cardinal τ and a $Z_{\tau }$-set X in the Tikhonov cube $I^{\tau }$ we find a necessary and sufficient condition, in terms of $I^{\tau }\setminus X$, for X to be in the class AE([L]). We also introduce a concept of a proper absolute...

Let M be a metrizable group. Let G be a dense subgroup of $M^X$. We prove that if G is domain representable, then $G=M^X$. The following corollaries answer open questions. If X is completely regular and $C_p\left(X\right)$ is domain representable, then X is discrete. If X is zero-dimensional, T₂, and $C_p(X,)$ is subcompact, then X is discrete.

AbstractLet T be a finite set for which card T is a natural nonstandard number. The linear space ${ℂ}^T$ of complex-valued functions on T is nonstandard. For the analysis on ${ℂ}^T$ we need a concept of nearstandardness in this space. A version how to introduce such a concept is proposed. Some elementary examples are given. CONTENTSIntroduction.................................................................................................................50. Preliminary notes....................................................................................................7 0.1....

Motivated by recent developments on calculus in metric measure spaces $(X,\mathrm{d},\mathrm{m})$, we prove a general duality principle between Fuglede’s notion [15] of $p$-modulus for families of finite Borel measures in $(X,\mathrm{d})$ and probability measures with barycenter in $L^q(X,\mathrm{m})$, with $q$ dual exponent of $p\in (1,\infty )$. We apply this general duality principle to study null sets for families of parametric and non-parametric curves in $X$. In the final part of the paper we provide a new proof, independent of optimal transportation, of the...

In every infinite-dimensional Fréchet space X, we construct a linear subspace E such that E is an $F_{\sigma \delta \sigma }$-subset of X and contains a retract R so that $R\times E^{\omega }$ is not homeomorphic to $E^{\omega }$. This shows that Toruńczyk’s Factor Theorem fails in the Borel case.

We study embeddings of spaces of Besov-Morrey type, $i{d}_{\Omega }{:}_{p₁,u₁,q₁}^{s₁}\left(\Omega \right){\hookrightarrow }_{p₂,u₂,q₂}^{s₂}\left(\Omega \right)$, where $\Omega \subset {ℝ}^d$ is a bounded domain, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the continuity and compactness of $i{d}_{\Omega }$. This continues our earlier studies relating to the case of ${ℝ}^d$. Moreover, we also characterise embeddings into the scale of $L_p$ spaces or into the space of bounded continuous functions.

The symbol ${\left(X_I\right)}_{\kappa }$ (with κ ≥ ω) denotes the space $X_I:={\prod }_{i\in I}{X}_i$ with the κ-box topology; this has as base all sets of the form $U={\prod }_{i\in I}{U}_i$ with $U_i$ open in $X_i$ and with $|i\in I:U_i\ne X_i|<\kappa$. The symbols w, d and S denote respectively the weight, density character and Suslin number. Generalizing familiar classical results, the authors show inter alia: Theorem 3.1.10(b). If κ ≤ α⁺, |I| = α and each $X_i$ contains the discrete space 0,1 and satisfies $w\left(X_i\right)\le \alpha$, then $w\left(X_{\kappa }\right)={\alpha }^{<\kappa }$. Theorem 4.3.2. If $\omega \le \kappa \le \left|I\right|\le 2^{\alpha }$ and $X={\left(D\left(\alpha \right)\right)}^I$ with D(α) discrete, |D(α)| = α, then $d\left({\left(X_I\right)}_{\kappa }\right)={\alpha }^{<\kappa }$. Corollaries 5.2.32(a)...

We study the boundedness of the one-sided operator $g{⁺}_{\lambda ,\phi }$ between the weighted spaces $L^p\left(M¯w\right)$ and $L^p\left(w\right)$ for every weight w. If λ = 2/p whenever 1 < p < 2, and in the case p = 1 for λ > 2, we prove the weak type of $g{⁺}_{\lambda ,\phi }$. For every λ > 1 and p = 2, or λ > 2/p and 1 < p < 2, the boundedness of this operator is obtained. For p > 2 and λ > 1, we obtain the boundedness of $g{⁺}_{\lambda ,\phi }$ from $L^p\left({\left(M¯\right)}^{[p/2]+1}w\right)$ to $L^p\left(w\right)$, where ${\left(M¯\right)}^k$ denotes the operator M¯ iterated k times.

In this paper we study some potential theoretical properties of solutions and super-solutions of some PDE systems (S) of type $L_{1}u=-{\mu }_{1}v$, $L_{2}v=-{\mu }_{2}u$, on a domain $D$ of ${ℝ}^d$, where ${\mu }_1$ and ${\mu }_2$ are suitable measures on $D$, and $L_1$, $L_2$ are two second order linear differential elliptic operators on $D$ with coefficients of class ${𝒞}^{\infty }$. We also obtain the integral representation of the nonnegative solutions and supersolutions of the system (S) by means of the Green kernels and Martin boundaries associated with $L_1$ and $L_2$, and...

For each ordinal 1 ≤ α < ω₁ we present separable metrizable spaces $X_{\alpha }$, $Y_{\alpha }$ and $Z_{\alpha }$ such that (i) $f{X}_{\alpha },f{Y}_{\alpha },f{Z}_{\alpha }=\omega ₀$, where f is either trdef or ₀-trsur, (ii) $A\left(\alpha \right)-trind{X}_{\alpha }=\infty$ and $M\left(\alpha \right)-trind{X}_{\alpha }=-1$, (iii) $A\left(\alpha \right)-trind{Y}_{\alpha }=-1$ and $M\left(\alpha \right)-trind{Y}_{\alpha }=\infty$, and (iv) $A\left(\alpha \right)-trind{Z}_{\alpha }=M\left(\alpha \right)-trind{Z}_{\alpha }=\infty$ and $A(\alpha +1)\cap M(\alpha +1)-trind{Z}_{\alpha }=-1$. We also show that there exists no separable metrizable space $W_{\alpha }$ with $A\left(\alpha \right)-trind{W}_{\alpha }\ne \infty$, $M\left(\alpha \right)-trind{W}_{\alpha }\ne \infty$ and $A\left(\alpha \right)\cap M\left(\alpha \right)-trind{W}_{\alpha }=\infty$, where A(α) (resp. M(α)) is the absolutely additive (resp. multiplicative) Borel class.

For an injective map τ acting on the dyadic subintervals of the unit interval [0,1) we define the rearrangement operator $T_s$, 0 < s < 2, to be the linear extension of the map $\left(h_I\right)/{\left(\right|I|}^{1/s})\mapsto \left(h_{\tau \left(I\right)}\right)\left(\right|\tau \left(I\right){|}^{1/s})$, where $h_I$ denotes the $L^{\infty }$-normalized Haar function supported on the dyadic interval I. We prove the following extrapolation result: If there exists at least one 0 < s₀ < 2 such that $T_{s₀}$ is bounded on $H^{s₀}$, then for all 0 < s < 2 the operator $T_s$ is bounded on $H^s$.

The class of $H^{\left(N\right)}$-sets forms an important subclass of the class of sets of uniqueness for trigonometric series. We investigate the size of this class which is reflected by the family of measures (called polar) annihilating all sets from the class. The main aim of this paper is to answer in the negative a question stated by Lyons, whether the polars of the classes of $H^{\left(N\right)}$-sets are the same for all N ∈ ℕ. To prove our result we also present a new description of $H^{\left(N\right)}$-sets.

We study questions related to exceptional sets of pluri-Green potentials $V_{\mu }$ in the unit ball B of ℂⁿ in terms of non-isotropic Hausdorff capacity. For suitable measures μ on the ball B, the pluri-Green potentials $V_{\mu }$ are defined by $V_{\mu }\left(z\right)={\int }_{B}log(1/|{\varphi }_z\left(w\right)\left|\right)d\mu \left(w\right)$, where for a fixed z ∈ B, ${\varphi }_z$ denotes the holomorphic automorphism of B satisfying ${\varphi }_z\left(0\right)=z$, ${\varphi }_z\left(z\right)=0$ and $\left({\varphi }_z\circ {\varphi }_z\right)\left(w\right)=w$ for every w ∈ B. If dμ(w) = f(w)dλ(w), where f is a non-negative measurable function of B, and λ is the measure on B, invariant under all holomorphic automorphisms of...

Let $(X,d_X)$, $(\Omega ,d_{\Omega })$ be complete separable metric spaces. Denote by (X) the space of probability measures on X, by $W_p$ the p-Wasserstein metric with some p ∈ [1,∞), and by ${}_p\left(X\right)$ the space of probability measures on X with finite Wasserstein distance from any point measure. Let $f:\Omega {\to }_p\left(X\right)$, $\omega \mapsto f_{\omega }$, be a Borel map such that f is a contraction from $(\Omega ,d_{\Omega })$ into ${(}_p\left(X\right),W_p)$. Let ν₁,ν₂ be probability measures on Ω with $W_p(\nu ₁,\nu ₂)$ finite. On X we consider the subordinated measures ${\mu }_i={\int }_{\Omega }{f}_{\omega }d{\nu }_i\left(\omega \right)$. Then $W_p(\mu ₁,\mu ₂)\le W_p(\nu ₁,\nu ₂)$. As an application we show that the solution measures ${\varrho }_{\alpha }\left(t\right)$...

We show that for each natural number n > 1, it is consistent that there is a compact Hausdorff totally disconnected space $K_{2n}$ such that $C\left(K_{2n}\right)$ has no uncountable (semi)biorthogonal sequence ${(f_{\xi },{\mu }_{\xi })}_{\xi \in \omega ₁}$ where ${\mu }_{\xi }$’s are atomic measures with supports consisting of at most 2n-1 points of $K_{2n}$, but has biorthogonal systems ${(f_{\xi },{\mu }_{\xi })}_{\xi \in \omega ₁}$ where ${\mu }_{\xi }$’s are atomic measures with supports consisting of 2n points. This complements a result of Todorcevic which implies that it is consistent that such spaces do not exist: he proves...

Given a topological space ⟨X,⟩ ∈ M, an elementary submodel of set theory, we define $X_M$ to be X ∩ M with topology generated by $U\cap M:U\in \cap M$. Suppose $X_M$ is homeomorphic to the irrationals; must $X=X_M$? We have partial results. We also answer a question of Gruenhage by showing that if $X_M$ is homeomorphic to the “Long Cantor Set”, then $X=X_M$.

Let ${\alpha }_i,{\beta }_i>0$, 1 ≤ i ≤ n, and for t > 0 and x = (x₁,...,xₙ) ∈ ℝⁿ, let $t•x=(t^{\alpha ₁}x₁,...,t^{\alpha ₙ}xₙ)$, $t\circ x=(t^{\beta ₁}x₁,...,t^{\beta ₙ}xₙ)$ and $\left|\right|x\left|\right|={\sum }_{i=1}^n{\left|x_i\right|}^{1/{\alpha }_i}$. Let φ₁,...,φₙ be real functions in $C^{\infty }(ℝⁿ-0)$ such that φ = (φ₁,..., φₙ) satisfies φ(t • x) = t ∘ φ(x). Let γ > 0 and let μ be the Borel measure on ${ℝ}^{2n}$ given by $\mu \left(E\right)={\int }_{ℝⁿ}{\chi }_E{(x,\phi \left(x\right))\left|\right|x\left|\right|}^{\gamma -\alpha }dx$, where $\alpha ={\sum }_{i=1}^n{\alpha }_i$ and dx denotes the Lebesgue measure on ℝⁿ. Let $T_{\mu }f=\mu \ast f$ and let $\left|\right|T_{\mu }{\left|\right|}_{p,q}$ be the operator norm of $T_{\mu }$ from $L^p\left({ℝ}^{2n}\right)$ into $L^q\left({ℝ}^{2n}\right)$, where the $L^p$ spaces are taken with respect to the Lebesgue measure. The type set $E_{\mu }$ is defined by $E_{\mu }=(1/p,1/q):\left|\right|T_{\mu }{\left|\right|}_{p,q}<\infty ,1\le p,q\le \infty$. In the case ${\alpha }_i\ne {\beta }_k$ for 1 ≤ i,k ≤ n we characterize the...

Let X be a Polish space, and let C₀ and C₁ be disjoint coanalytic subsets of X. The pair (C₀,C₁) is said to be complete if for every pair (D₀,D₁) of disjoint coanalytic subsets of ${\omega }^{\omega }$ there exists a continuous function $f:{\omega }^{\omega }\to X$ such that $f^{-1}\left(C₀\right)=D₀$ and $f^{-1}\left(C₁\right)=D₁$. We give several explicit examples of complete pairs of coanalytic sets.

We define a new function space $B$, which contains in particular BMO, BV, and $W^{1/p,p}$, $1<p<\infty$. We investigate its embedding into Lebesgue and Marcinkiewicz spaces. We present several inequalities involving $L^p$ norms of integer-valued functions in $B$. We introduce a significant closed subspace, $B_0$, of $B$, containing in particular VMO and $W^{1/p,p}$, $1\le p<\infty$. The above mentioned estimates imply in particular that integer-valued functions belonging to $B_0$ are necessarily constant. This framework provides a “common roof”...

Suppose that $\mu$ is an absolutely continuous probability measure on ${}^R$n, for large $n$. Then $\mu$ has low-dimensional marginals that are approximately spherically-symmetric. More precisely, if $n\ge {(C/\epsilon )}^{Cd}$, then there exist $d$-dimensional marginals of $\mu$ that are $\epsilon$-far from being sphericallysymmetric, in an appropriate sense. Here $C>0$ is a universal constant.

For a function $f\in L_{loc}^p\left(ℝⁿ\right)$ the notion of p-mean variation of order 1, ${₁}^p(f,ℝⁿ)$ is defined. It generalizes the concept of F. Riesz variation of functions on the real line ℝ¹ to ℝⁿ, n > 1. The characterisation of the Sobolev space $W^{1,p}\left(ℝⁿ\right)$ in terms of ${₁}^p(f,ℝⁿ)$ is directly related to the characterisation of $W^{1,p}\left(ℝⁿ\right)$ by Lipschitz type pointwise inequalities of Bojarski, Hajłasz and Strzelecki and to the Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu approach.