Universal cyclic relations
Universal functions
A function of two variables F(x,y) is universal if for every function G(x,y) there exist functions h(x) and k(y) such that G(x,y) = F(h(x),k(y)) for all x,y. Sierpiński showed that assuming the Continuum Hypothesis there exists a Borel function F(x,y) which is universal. Assuming Martin's Axiom there is a universal function of Baire class 2. A universal function cannot be of Baire class 1. Here we show that it is consistent that for each α with 2 ≤ α < ω₁ there...
Universal Indestructibility is Consistent with Two Strongly Compact Cardinals
We show that universal indestructibility for both strong compactness and supercompactness is consistent with the existence of two strongly compact cardinals. This is in contrast to the fact that if κ is supercompact and universal indestructibility for either strong compactness or supercompactness holds, then no cardinal λ > κ is measurable.
Universality and strong extensionality.
Universality of the μ-predictor
For suitable topological spaces X and Y, given a continuous function f:X → Y and a point x ∈ X, one can determine the value of f(x) from the values of f on a deleted neighborhood of x by taking the limit of f. If f is not required to be continuous, it is impossible to determine f(x) from this information (provided |Y| ≥ 2), but as the author and Alan Taylor showed in 2009, there is nevertheless a means of guessing f(x), called the μ-predictor, that will be correct except on a small set; specifically,...
Universally measurable sets in generic extensions
A subset of a topological space is said to be universally measurable if it is measured by the completion of each countably additive σ-finite Borel measure on the space, and universally null if it has measure zero for each such atomless measure. In 1908, Hausdorff proved that there exist universally null sets of real numbers of cardinality ℵ₁, and thus that there exist at least such sets. Laver showed in the 1970’s that consistently there are just continuum many universally null sets of reals....
Unramified forcing preserving the law of double negation.
Upper and lower limits of sequences of observables in D-posets of fuzzy sets
Upper and lower set formulas: restriction and modification of the Dempster-Pawlak formalism
A modification of Dempster's and Pawlak's constructs forms a new foundation for the identification of upper and lower sets formulas. Also, in this modified Dempster-Pawlak construct we require that subsets of the power set be restricted to the well-known information granules of the power set. An aggregation of upper information granules amongst each other and lower information granules amongst each other determine upper and lower set formulas for both crisp and fuzzy sets. The results are equivalent...
Urysohn’s lemma, gluing lemma and contraction mapping theorem for fuzzy metric spaces
In this paper the concept of a fuzzy contraction mapping on a fuzzy metric space is introduced and it is proved that every fuzzy contraction mapping on a complete fuzzy metric space has a unique fixed point.
Utility theory in the alternative set theory
Užití fuzzy množin v rozhodování za neurčitosti