The dual of a Gorenstein module is called a co-Gorenstein module, defined by Lingguang Li. In this paper, we prove that if R is a local U-ring and M is an Artinian R-module, then M is a co-Gorenstein R-module if and only if the complex $Ho{m}_{R̂}((,R̂),M)$ is a minimal flat resolution for M when we choose a suitable triangular subset on R̂. Moreover we characterize the co-Gorenstein modules over a local U-ring and Cohen-Macaulay local U-ring.

We prove that for a commutative ring $R$, every noetherian (artinian) $R$-module is quasi-injective if and only if every noetherian (artinian) $R$-module is quasi-projective if and only if the class of noetherian (artinian) $R$-modules is socle-fine if and only if the class of noetherian (artinian) $R$-modules is radical-fine if and only if every maximal ideal of $R$ is idempotent.

In this paper we study commutative rings $R$ whose prime ideals are direct sums of cyclic modules. In the case $R$ is a finite direct product of commutative local rings, the structure of such rings is completely described. In particular, it is shown that for a local ring $(R,ℳ)$, the following statements are equivalent: (1) Every prime ideal of $R$ is a direct sum of cyclic $R$-modules; (2) $ℳ={⨁}_{\lambda \in \Lambda }R{w}_{\lambda }$ where $\Lambda$ is an index set and $R/Ann\left(w_{\lambda }\right)$ is a principal ideal ring for each $\lambda \in \Lambda$; (3) Every prime ideal of $R$ is a direct sum of at most...

A module M satisfies the restricted minimum condition if M/N is artinian for every essential submodule N of M. A ring R is called a right RM-ring whenever $R_R$ satisfies the restricted minimum condition as a right module. We give several structural necessary conditions for particular classes of RM-rings. Furthermore, a commutative ring R is proved to be an RM-ring if and only if R/Soc(R) is noetherian and every singular module is semiartinian.

It is shown that for any Artinian modules $M$, $dim{M}^{\vee }$ is the greatest integer $i$ such that ${\text{H}}_{𝔪}^i\left(M^{\vee }\right)\ne 0$.