We study the class of modules which are invariant under idempotents of their envelopes. We say that a module M is -idempotent-invariant if there exists an -envelope u : M → X such that for any idempotent g ∈ End(X) there exists an endomorphism f : M → M such that uf = gu. The properties of this class of modules are discussed. We prove that M is -idempotent-invariant if and only if for every decomposition $X={⨁}_{i\in I}{X}_i$, we have $M={⨁}_{i\in I}\left(u^{-1}\left(X_i\right)\cap M\right)$. Moreover, some generalizations of -idempotent-invariant modules are considered....

We prove new necessary and sufficient conditions for a morphism of coalgebras to be a monomorphism, different from the ones already available in the literature. More precisely, φ: C → D is a monomorphism of coalgebras if and only if the first cohomology groups of the coalgebras C and D coincide if and only if ${\sum }_{i\in I}\epsilon \left(a^i\right)b^i={\sum }_{i\in I}{a}^i\epsilon \left(b^i\right)$ for all ${\sum }_{i\in I}{a}^i\otimes b^i\in C{◻}_{D}C$. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions for a Hopf algebra map to be a monomorphism are given.