All ordinal numbers $\alpha$ with the following property are found: there exists a loop such that its subloops form a chain of ordinal type $\alpha$.

After describing a (general and special) coordinatization of $k$-nets there are found algebraic equivalents for the validity of certain quadrangle configuration conditions in $k$-nets with small degree $k$.

Groups are usually axiomatized as algebras with an associative binary operation, a two-sided neutral element, and with two-sided inverses. We show in this note that the same simplicity of axioms can be achieved for some of the most important varieties of loops. In particular, we investigate loops of Bol-Moufang type in the underlying variety of magmas with two-sided inverses, and obtain ``group-like'' equational bases for Moufang, Bol and C-loops. We also discuss the case when the inverses are only...

The theorem about the characterization of a GS-quasigroup by means of a commutative group in which there is an automorphism which satisfies certain conditions, is proved directly.

In this article the “geometric” concept of the affine regular decagon in a general GS–quasigroup is introduced. The relationships between affine regular decagon and some other geometric concepts in a general GS–quasigroup are explored. The geometrical presentation of all proved statements is given in the GS–quasigroup $ℂ\left(\frac{1}{2}(1+\sqrt{5})\right)$.

The concept of the affine regular icosahedron and affine regular octahedron in a general GS-quasigroup will be introduced in this paper. The theorem of the unique determination of the affine regular icosahedron by means of its four vertices which satisfy certain conditions will be proved. The connection between affine regular icosahedron and affine regular octahedron in a general GS-quasigroup will be researched. The geometrical representation of the introduced concepts and relations between them...

Algebraic aspects of web geometry, namely its connections with the quasigroup and loop theory, the theory of local differential quasigroups and loops, and the theory of local algebras are discussed.

G. B. Belyavskaya and G. L. Mullen showed the existence of a complement for a $k$-tuple of orthogonal $n$-ary operations, where $k<n$, to an $n$-tuple of orthogonal $n$-ary operations. But they proposed no method for complementing. In this article, we give an algorithm for complementing a $k$-tuple of orthogonal $n$-ary operations to an $n$-tuple of orthogonal $n$-ary operations and an algorithm for complementing a $k$-tuple of orthogonal $k$-ary operations to an $n$-tuple of orthogonal $n$-ary operations. Also we find some...

Let $Q$ be a diassociative A-loop which is centrally nilpotent of class 2 and which is not a group. Then the factor over the centre cannot be an elementary abelian 2-group.

The Generalized Elliptic Curves $(GECs)$ are pairs $(Q,T)$, where $T$ is a family of triples $(x,y,z)$ of “points” from the set $Q$ characterized by equalities of the form $x.y=z$, where the law $x.y$ makes $Q$ into a totally symmetric quasigroup. Isotopic loops arise by setting $x*y=u.(x.y)$. When $(x.y).(a.b)=(x.a).(y.b)$, identically $(Q,T)$ is an entropic $GEC$ and $(Q,*)$ is an abelian group. Similarly, a terentropic $GEC$ may be characterized by $x^2.(a.b)=(x.a)(x.b)$ and $(Q,*)$ is then a Commutative Moufang Loop $(CML)$. If in addition $x^2=x$, we have Hall $GECs$ and $(Q,*)$ is an exponent $3$

We discuss a concept of loopoid as a non-associative generalization of Brandt groupoid. We introduce and study also an interesting class of more general objects which we call semiloopoids. A differential version of loopoids is intended as a framework for Lagrangian discrete mechanics.

It is well known that given a Steiner triple system one can define a quasigroup operation $·$ upon its base set by assigning $x·x=x$ for all $x$ and $x·y=z$, where $z$ is the third point in the block containing the pair $\{x,y\}$. The same can be done for Mendelsohn triple systems, where $(x,y)$ is considered to be ordered. But this is not necessarily the case for directed triple systems. However there do exist directed triple systems, which induce a quasigroup under this operation and these are called Latin directed triple systems....